2007/12/31

石油是網友老麥所謂「投資三寶: 黃金、石油和人民幣」之中,茶怪最看淡的,與黃金一樣,石油作為商品,其價格將受惠於全球貨幣供應擴張而上升,國際政治局勢不穩,亦刺激油價向上,油價再升幾元,破一百美元是不足為奇,問題是可以再升多少,金和油最大的分別是油是有用的,金係古玩、油係電視機,美國這個石油進口大國的經濟增長放緩是對油的一大隱憂,最者,電視機愈貴,愈多新款推出,現在有高清電視,很多人想換掉舊電視。貴油將加速新科技的發明,提煉玉米代替石油、新車更慳油甚至用電力推動,聽起來好像很遙遠,但其實一直在進行中,自七十年代中,已發展國家經濟產出對油的依賴程度已減半。當然,以上論點,當油價在八十元時已存在,油價照升,幾貴至誘使新發明加得夠快? 茶怪唔知,不過對人類的智慧有信心。

2007/12/29

人民幣

中國人民銀行今年加息六次,反映中央防治經濟過熱的決心,食品脤價影響民生,特別值得關注。人民幣利率有七厘半,美國兩年期國庫債券息率只有三厘,人民幣暫時不能自由兌換,投資者不能就息差套利,但中國投資市場逐步開放,人民幣上升動力將會加劇。食物和原料價格急升,扣除食物和共用成本,中國消費物價指數只有1%升幅,顯示有產能過盛跡象,再加上固定資產投資佔國民生產總值四成,消費和出口追不上固定資產,會造成閒置,試想一個城市猛起遊樂場(固定資產)但沒有人去玩。美國經濟前景不明朗,影響中國出口,相信中國會減慢加息步伐去保住內部消費,在貿易赤字持續的情況下,政策選擇不多,唯有加快人民幣升值速度,怕影響出口競爭力? 不會,因為其他出口國的貨幣也在上升,如泰國、印尼和印度,只要中國不走得太前問題不大。

2007/12/28

2008年,茶怪看好黃金,美聯儲局受政治勢力影響大印美鈔,其他中央銀行又因勢因勢利導放寬銀根,貨幣供應遠遠跑贏經濟增長,令全球主要貨幣貶值。在多銀紙追逐有限產品服務的情況下,通漲壓力增加,可是,貿易全球化加上科技進步,提升了普遍產品和服務的生產效率,成本的減省抵銷了物價因貨幣貶值而上升的壓力,因此,消費物價指數一直維持在可以接受的水平,除了中國,其他主要工業國沒有政治壓力,要收緊銀根。可是,消費物價指數只反映經濟上的部份價格,以更宏觀的價格來看,包括地產、股票、債券和貨品,貨品包括石油、黃金、大豆等,的漲價來看,我們早以進入高通脹時代。全球央行和投資者都為持有美鈔怨聲載道,持其他貨幣一樣是貶值的,黃金這個幾千年來傳統的投資,是自然的選擇。

聖誕樹

2007/12/23

Atlas Shrugged

Ayn Rand是自由主義的倡導者,前美國聯儲局主席格林斯平也是她的學生,其小說Atlas Shrugged,講述社會如何利用仁義道德去壓制有能者的成就,荷里活剛剛開拍其電影版,女主角是Angelina Jolie。小說其中一節,說到一位母親,要求其當鋼材企業家的兒子,聘請一事無成的胞弟,企業家拒絕,說胞弟對公司沒有好處,母親直指他冷血、自私和唯利是圖,不顧兄弟之情,罵道: "That's your cruelty, that's what's mean and selfish about you. If you loved your brother, you'd give him a job he didn't deserve, precisely because he didn't deserve it -- that would be true love and kindness and brotherhood. Else what's love for? If a man deserves a job, there's no virtue in giving it to him. Virtue is the giving of the undeserved."企業家聽罷,嚇呆了,然後說: "Mother, you don't know what you're saying. I'm not able ever to despise you enough to believe that you mean it." Rand認為,人應該為自己的利益發揮自己的所長,就是對社會最大的貢獻,過程中,物質回報是必須的,這樣才令付出和接受者活得有尊嚴。

2007/12/14

科士打

從來沒有過問好友科士打洋名的由來,想大概是來自一個澳洲啤酒品牌名稱,因為他喜歡飲啤酒。改名要正正經經的,斷不能叫喜力、藍妹吧。上周末他帶同幾位兄弟到拍拖多年的女友美琪家門,鬧著要娶她過門,誰知率性的科士打怎也喊不出一句「我愛您」來。當夜婚宴,他咬緊口中的箱頭筆,在美琪的身上寫上「愛很簡單」四個大字,然後高唱陶"吉吉"的同名情歌,唱著: 「I love you...」,賓客見笑新郎哥的歌喉之餘更佩服他的勇氣,新娘子喜極而泣。Foster在字典上,解作關懷、照顧的意思。

2007/12/10

Ron Paul

共和黨候選人Ron Paul是2008年美國總統黨選的大冷門,民望遠遠落後於前紐約市市長朱利安尼,但在互聯網上,他的支持度出奇地高,網上籌款更破歷史紀錄,為什麼美國選民對這位1988年大選大敗者如此感興趣?

今期BusinessWeek刊登了CNBC女主播Maria Bartiromo對Paul的專訪,其中可能可以看出端倪。以下轉載了訪問中最後二條問答:

You want to take the troops out of Iraq, but what about Iran? What do we do if other nations turn hostile?

I'd treat them something like what we did with the Soviets. I was called to military duty [as a U.S. Air Force flight surgeon] in the '60s when they were in Cuba, and they had 40,000 nuclear weapons and intercontinental ballistic missiles, and we didn't have to fight them. We didn't have to invade their country. But to deal with terrorism, we can't solve the problem if we don't understand why they [attack us]. And they don't come because we're free and prosperous. They don't go after Switzerland and Sweden and Canada. They come after us because we've occupied their land, and instead of reversing our foreign policy after 9/11, we made it worse by invading two more countries and then threatening a third. Why wouldn't they be angry at us? It would be absolutely bizarre if they weren't. We've been meddling over there for more than 50 years. We overthrew a democratically elected government in Iran in 1953; we were Saddam Hussein's ally and encouraged him to invade Iran. If I was an Iranian, I'd be annoyed myself, you know. So we need to change our policy, and I think we would reduce the danger.

You have vehement new supporters. What's driving the sudden interest in your candidacy?

I think they're sick and tired of what they're getting. They've lost all trust and faith in the government. They believe in the American Dream, and they're getting a nightmare. And they're rallying behind the program I've been working on for 30 years—defending the Constitution, limited government, free markets, sound money, and self-reliance; believing people can take care of themselves better than government can. The nanny state doesn't work, the police state doesn't work, and neither does the warfare. And they know it.

六十年

九十年代初期前蘇聯政權解體,俄羅斯經濟瀕臨崩潰邊沿,有論者將災禍歸咎於改革開放步伐過快,更有指市場經濟導致嚴重貧富懸殊,特權階級剝削國家資源,在研究中國開放市場、步向資本主義的課題,俄羅斯的經驗值得引以為鑑。根據俄羅斯的開放經驗,指出其走向寡頭政治式的資本主義,將權力和利益集中於少數人身上,既得利益者為了鞏固自己對資源的控制,破壞創新企業的生活空間,寡頭政治式的資本主義,阻礙經濟發展。產生寡頭政治式的資本主義的環境,是即使當權者是民選,政治體制缺乏權力制衡,當權者獨攬大權而產生。反觀中國,政府在過去二十多年找出獨有的方式去鼓勵創新企業。有別於俄國,中國沒有將國家企業完全私有化,在保存國企之餘,中央向省、縣政府放權,並鼓勵民營企業,民企產出佔國內生產總值比例,由八十年代初的微不足道,增加至2005年的三分之二。

至於為什麼兩個前共產主義大國各走不同的路,茶怪認為,其中一個因素是時間。俄國共產主義由1922年至1985經歷超過六十年,中國共產時代由1949年至1979年,僅三十年,共產主義在俄國歷時較中國長一倍,對國家經濟破壞更大,對思想的牢固更深,甚至拖垮國家政權。中國較幸運,改革開放三十年有如此卓越成果,要中國繼續向前,不走俄國回頭路,茶怪認為,第一,中國應該繼續開放市場,將產權進一步分散,讓民企在經濟上扮演更重要角色,第二,確立產權,杜絕貪污,第三,提高政策和市場資訊透明度,令交易較公平。學習俄國的教訓,有幫中國更有信心向前邁進。

2007/12/07

住好d

The Death and Life of Great American Cities,恨香港沒有我們的Jane Jacobs。美國女作家Jacobs於1961年出版這本書,對傳統城市規劃概念作嚴厲評擊。她認為城市規劃應該以人的多樣化生活模式為基礎,而不是規劃者一廂情願、統一規範的烏托邦。Jacobs提出四點原則,簡單來說是: 有早有晚、有左有右,有新有舊,和人要多。

有早有晚,是城市應該是為不同人在不同時段提供服務。這樣,商舖食肆便可盡用營業時間,將人流分散到早午晚。以免在繁忙時段供不應,而在其餘時間閒置寶貴的樓面,白交貴租。解決辦法是商業住宅混合發展。

有左有右,是指人的步行路線,即使去同一目的地,可以有不同路線,好處是分散人流,這樣可以擴大有利可圖的商業地段,舖位應供增多,租金可減。相反,如果人流高度集中在有限的地段,其他人流稀少的地方做不成生意,而且黃金地段的租金一定貴。解決辦法是廢棄"long blocks",即縮短街道之間的距離。讓人有機會橫街小巷左穿右插。

建設物要有新有舊,舊建築物租金較低,可以容許小商戶經營,說起小商戶通常令人聯想到米舖、士多,但其實重要的小商戶,是有新嘗試、具新創意的業務,他們是初起步,測試市場的,固然付不起新商場的貴租。但他們就是未來社會進步的動力,成功的創新企業有朝一日可以搬到新商場,但沒有舊建築物,他們就沒有嘗試的機會,市場便只能支持到概有的大企業,如連鎖快餐店。

人要多,不在話下。Jacobs說,唯有多元化的運行模式,才有一個多姿多彩的城市生活,看香港的店舖食肆連鎖店,為了付貴租而不敢創新,提供的產品服務千篇一律,到處是大商場,大屋苑,就是缺乏了生活的情趣。

2007/12/05

價值在心中

「有個擲銀仔遊戲,重複地擲銀仔,直至擲到公為止,你贏多少取決於擲銀的次數: 擲第1次便是公,得$2,擲第2次才出現公(第一次是字),得$4,擲第3次才出現公(首兩次都是字),得$8,擲第4次才出現公(首三次都是字),得$16,如此類推,每需擲多一次,金額倍增,次數沒有上限。玩這個遊戲要買入場票,你最多願意出多少錢去買?」 La Mancha的調查欄目提出以上問題,過去一星期收到共20個回應,12人答價值低於$2,六人答$2至$10,其餘二人答$1,000以上。最高和最低答案相差500倍,差異很大。數學家的答案是無限大,計法是這樣的: 票價 = 2*(1/2)+ 4*(1/4)+ 8*(1/8)+ 16*(1/16)+ ... = 1+1+1+1+... 因為遊戲規則是,如果擲不到公,需繼續擲下去,次數不設上限,所以將無限個1加起來,等於無限大。

可能你用心算,有一半機會得$2,如果入場費高於$2,有機會蝕,所以你的答案是$2以下。如果你選$2-$10,大概是希望多付少少去碰運氣。茶怪的計法是這樣的: 拿個銀仔去擲,模擬玩,重複幾盤,然後計平均數,答案是$8。究竟那個答案才是對的? 要視乎情況而定: 如果遊戲重複玩無限多次,數學家的答案是對的。總會有機會贏到一億個億。但是現實世界裡,就是不可能有無限個機會。茶怪好想與選$1000以上的網友對賭,你付$1,000,茶怪做莊,讓茶怪賺多少,作為寫網誌的報酬。$8是答案嗎? 又不是,如果拿入場券炒賣,茶怪恐怕要坐艇,因為大部分人認為入場券只值$2。

2007/11/28

凌尉雲

立法會港島區補選候選人凌尉雲叫人眼前一亮,她之前質問陳太一個四人家庭每月綜援金有多少,明顯地有備而來,預備好的不只是問題和答案,更預備好刺向陳太的死穴,陳太的清廉形象的強項,不怕有關按揭事件的質詢,無論你怎樣揭瘡疤,選民就是不信陳太是個壞人。陳太的弱點在於對政策細節忽視,退休六年,即使是政務司司長,由陳太決定參選到公開辯論不到兩個月,對資料性的東西掌握有限。

周日看凌尉雲質詢葉劉有關23條也是漂亮,葉劉一向的立場是她承認犯下執行上的錯,即是立法方向與她無關,作為公務員,她只是執行上司的指示,這個茶怪認為某程度上說得通。民主派再追究葉劉的悔意有多少,根本無關宏旨。凌尉雲問:如果現在要立法,你葉劉支持還是反對,這是將過去的議題帶到現在。葉劉答要先取得共識,沿用建制派議員對敏感議題的慣用盾牌,葉劉顯得騎牆,不敢說支持立法,亦說不出反對。那時窮追猛打的凌尉雲突然玄起來,問:「如果每個人都等待其他人的共識,要等到幾時?」

茶怪反對提高選舉門檻,因為即使無強無勢的小市民參選,未必可以影響戰果,但他們對大熱的質詢挑戰,往往試驗大熱的實力,讓選民對大熱有更深了解,另外,說不定無名小卒有一天成為大熱,提高參選門檻是減少他們的機會。

2007/11/26

層層疊


話口未完,時間證明百佳停派膠袋的策略是錯誤的,正如茶怪早前的文章說的,免費膠袋對超市的業務實在太重要,為超市所帶來的好處較成本高,昨晚百佳宣佈恢復派袋,環保組織完全不用失望,因為由此至終,停派行動都與環保無關。如果停派的原因是超市說的,公眾誤解,解決方法當然是加強監控,提高透明度,以釋公眾疑慮,如果是他們所說的,「多一事不如小一事」,當初推出措施的理據何在? 如果你近幾天有路過百佳,就會發現生意明顯較平時淡靜,顯示這不只是公關手法的錯,更是營運策略的錯。企業要節省成本,茶怪想,像玩層層疊積木一樣,遊戲規則是,參與者須不停地從高高的積木架中間,一條又一條地抽出木支,成功的企業可以既取出木支又不不至令高樓缺乏支撐而倒塌,即令產品服務不變,用料卻不斷減少,關鍵不在於大刀闊斧還是循序漸進,而是在於看得清楚每個環節的關係和整個結構,弄不清楚的,就會好像百佳看待膠袋一樣,以為微不足道,其實牽一髮動全身。

2007/11/23

今日係土市定木市?

四叔的五行選股法,將帶旺整個金融業。股票報價分類不再是以指數,恆生指數成份股、H股等,是用金、木、水、火、土。隨之而來的,當然是金、木、水、火、土指數,同衍生工具。證券行會找風水師父出研究報告,例如BUY Gold, Sell Fire, Hold Water,以至做個model portfolio: Gold 10% underweight, Wood 20% equal weight, Fire 25% overweight, etc.跟住一定係有基金,組合可以好多元化,單一種元素又得(金基金),雙併(火和水基金)、三併(土木水)亦得。CFA 要加一課講。MBA professor要研究五行之間的correlation,究竟金升、火係唔係跟住升? 水係唔係多數跌, etc.以前里昂劉紹文講風水,唔信,蘇民峰講投資,都唔係好信,而家四叔講唔到你唔信!

2007/11/22

施永青本色

施永青不滿政府對個人自由的干預日增,「讓政客主宰我們的命運」。

2007/11/21

佢請客.你埋單

百佳超市停派膠袋,令茶怪跌眼鏡,在早前的文章已提過,免費膠袋對超市業務太重要,所帶來的好處遠較成本高。百佳的策略是否成功,仍要時間證明。在推廣手法方面上,茶怪感覺麻麻,如果說是為了減省成本,用來提高服務質素,這還說得過去。打正環保旗幟,可以贏得感性的環保組織的支持,但想真點,其實與環保無關。道理好簡單,我買一個膠袋兩毫,買十個都係二元,用廿蚊可以買一百個膠袋,我鍾意點用都得。百佳有沒有規定最多買幾個? 還是將膠袋當作一般貨品看待,你愈買得多愈好? 以前因為百佳承擔膠袋成本,是派也很忍手。相反,假設我顧及環保,不買膠袋,百佳又幹了甚麼去支持環保? 超市會否捐贈幾毫給獨立環保組織? 茶怪沒有聽聞。佢請客,要我埋單? 即使自備購物袋,我寧願去惠康。

2007/11/20

交個波比你

總理溫家寶公開反對中國人民銀行在深圳限制銀行存戶提款的措施,打破了一般人認為中央嚴密控制市場政策的神話,如果你也如大部分股民一向花費心神去惴測每一個政策背後,中央的用意,相信中央要股市升就升,跌就跌。溫總的言論恐怕令你失望。如果中央的市場政策如軍事行動一樣受周密,有關措施就不可能在溫總「不贊成」之下出台,即使一時看漏眼,措施出了台,溫總私下打個電話下來,措施就理應立即取消,但事實又不是如此,證明嚴密控制是一個謬誤,再者,溫總開放地討論政策,雖「不贊成」措施,但仍確認其「出發點還是好的」,說明了溫總不僅放權,而且希望屬下自行判斷,並鼓勵他們嘗試。當然,對溫總的表態,陰謀論者可能事後有很多解釋,將之說成是早有預謀的,或出於甚麼政治考慮,但如果這樣惴測中央,相信可以得出無數個結論。

2007/11/08

革新.殺人

財富雜誌專訪Cisco,問為什麼亞洲的創建步伐快速,一位主管說: 「上帝能夠七天內創造世界,原因是那裡沒有固有的基礎。」("The reason God was able to create the world in seven days is because there was no installed base.")很幽默,想真的,這道出了革新之難處,放諸四海皆準。另外一則聖經另類道理是,由科幻小說家Kurt Vonnegut說的 -- 有一個外星人來到地球,閱讀聖經,令他感到詫異,他以為是福音故事教人仁愛的,即使是對地位最低的人,但他發現福音竟然教人: 「殺人之前,請認真確定他是沒有後台的。」("Before you kill somebody, make absolutely sure he isn't well connected.") Vonnegut指的,是有關耶穌釘死於十字架的故事。令茶怪拍案叫絕,這個簡直是警世格言!

2007/11/01

福利悲情

天水圍問題不是交通費的問題,香港有很多地方都距離市區很遠; 不是社區設施不足的問題,香港其他地方也沒有甚麼公共設施; 不是社工不足的問題,真正有問題的家庭是不會找社工的; 不是樓房建得太密,香港到處是這樣子。這幾天,社工、福利團體和議員都借天水圍問題向政府討錢,不是要求提高津貼,就是爭撥資源。茶怪想,天水圍問題根本不是天水圍獨有的問題,看看那些家庭慘劇的個案就知道,問題家庭大多是新移民,新移民是受害者,新移民在天水圍的集中度較高,所以天水圍出事率較高。讓茶怪政治不正確地講,是香港的福利太好,國內同胞生活太苦,導致大量不是建基於感情的婚姻,日子久了,便出現問題。補救措施茶怪想不到,長遠來說,政府應該檢討福利政策,是收緊不是放寬。

2007/10/29

宇宙一刻

Cosmos Farm是一家連全球衛星定位系統也探測不到的北海道民宿。茶怪與內子開了大半天車在傍晚時份到達,在大門口處理好鞋子後,老闆娘介紹店內環境,地下主要是食堂、廚房和浴室。食堂有四張餐桌和一個小火爐,食堂的一角是供客人閒息的區間,設有梳化、鋼琴、圖書和棋子,咖啡茶水免費供應,木板階梯通往二樓的六間客房,老闆娘帶著微笑,不時點頭,看著日本人的慊恭有禮,無法想像他們竟然未為二次大戰時所作的暴行道歉,茶怪當然沒開口,畢竟老闆娘大概未見過有香港人是不祟尚日本的。房間內有兩張床,床舖整齊,床中間隔著一個窗,外面是一片田野,遠處有紅黃色的楓葉,太陽已經下山了,景物變得暗淡,有貓頭鷹噢噢地鳴,老闆娘說晚飯在六時半,然後走回廚房,兩口子安頓好也跟著落樓,待在梳化上,茶怪隨手拿起一本風景影集,內子指著問茶怪懂得把雪地景色拍得如此美麗嗎? 那張晚霞又是怎樣拍的? 茶怪答道全都很簡易,就是這樣那樣然後又如何如何。

2007/10/18

搵思捷搵新長實

今日蘋果日報尹思哲說如果香港四間交易所沒有合併成一間,企業家可能有更多發展出路,觀點值得參考。

2007/10/17

What's new at La Mancha

讓茶怪介紹左邊的新增功能--"shared items",這是茶怪搜羅不同新聞網站和個人網誌的有趣文章,希望你欣賞,以今日為例,金融時報的專欄作家說他對經濟預測的看法,他認為人無法預測未來,原因是我們連影響未來的變數--the unknown unknowns--也不知曉。這個符合茶怪早前的文章"Fool No One",指出經濟政策偏重某行業的弊端,就是你不能預測未來。茶怪不是只post支持自己論點的文章,立場鮮明的量子今日分析立法會補選,值得細閱。還有華爾街日報專欄說地球溫化不應恐慌,Joe Ko談宿命論,都不容錯過。特別是一篇華爾街日報說環保汽車的文章,茶怪一看:「得!」,是指那架車,一看你就知為何Toyota現有的環保車唔得,有了這架快過Porsche嘅新環保跑車,茶怪相信環保汽車很快便普及。

2007/10/15

叫餸政治

政治制度好像大伙兒外膳叫餸,傳統中式是主人家話晒事,叫甚麼便吃甚麼,其他人沒有話事權,叫的東西,除了主人家,沒有一個人想食,很專制獨裁。港式叫法是每人叫一樣,然後share,很民主,至少有一味合自己胃口,但可能其餘的你都不喜歡。西餐是一人一碟,各自各叫,最自由。

2007/10/14

曾民主

曾蔭權說極端民主會帶來文化大革命,即使一日後為言論道歉,但已刺痛了中央的神經,因為文革的罪行雖然已得到定論,是仍然是中共的忌諱,言論政治不正確。即使從邏輯來說,也有問題,文革是源於極權統治,是不爭的事實。如果曾蔭權想提出那民主的弊端,可以參考茶怪早前的文章,指民主可能限制自由,即凡事以少數服從多數,少數的自由便受損,如果樣樣事情都集團決定,任何人總會在某些範疇上成為少數,即每個人的自由也會受損。雖然是有缺點,茶怪相信,民主已經是較其他的制度好,因為用投票填form表決必須表決的事,較暴力好。茶怪更不同意,特首說民主會削弱社會穩定和政府效率,因為沒有民主,社會會更不穩、政府更冇效率。多謝,特首帶起民主話題,讓港人熱烈討論。

2007/10/10

創意春秋

人說秦始皇統一中國好,統一文字和度量衡,使中國成為大國,不致像歐洲那樣四分五列。茶怪想,四分五列都不算差,歐洲發起工業革命,促進了人類生活。中國具創建而又影響最深遠的思想,茶怪想,是孔子的儒家、老子的道家和孫武的孫子兵法,全部出生於春秋時期,即秦始皇的統一大業之前,中國不是無創意,不過只集中於統一之前。隋唐盛勢的詩詞歌賦固然好,但茶怪有時想,如果李白、杜甫肯用10%的智商去研究科學,哪有甚麼飛機太空船發明不來? 網友高先生對茶怪說: 中國歷代一國獨大,日子過得安穩,令人失去奮鬥心。茶怪想不無道理。連網友量子推崇備至的毛澤東戰略,也是在亂世中出台,時勢造英雄,又可能時局啟發人的思想,但茶怪再想,創意在春秋,有一個好簡單的原因 -- 「機會」。孔子若果生於統一後的中國,即使天才橫溢,即使科舉如何公平,你的機會只得一個,只要京城一個不欣賞你,你就完了。幸好孔子生於四分五列的時代,東家唔打打西家,機會眾多,錯了有機會再來,你至敢試,要試完再試,至有可能產生創意。茶怪不是鼓吹國家分列,暢銷書所言,廿一世紀世界是平的,中國的國際來往較十九世紀的歐洲國家更多,中國面對的,絕非古時單一獨大的模式,茶怪想問: 以秦始皇的由上而下統一化的思維方式,是否最適合?

2007/10/09

Fool no one

Hong Kong's calm toward the government's market intervention surprised me. The media celebrated the intervention, not criticized it. Many newspapers recommended readers follow suit -- buy HKEx, as the government had bought it and would probably buy more. Many people just could not resist the idea when a government official revealed that the purchase of HKEx was to prepare an alliance between the stock markets in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

When the stock market hit all-time high, we cared less about the West Kowloon project and democracy movements overseas than they used to. We asked fewer questions for the intervening government than we did in 1998, the last time the government intervened to defend our financial system. Indeed, we should have now asked more.

Last time, i mentioned that a discretionary intervention would cause more problems than a forced one. The government interfered our freedom of pricing, distorting the pricing function of market.

Many people believe that the financial sector is our future. That maintenance of Hong Kong's status of a global financial center is our top priority has become the consensus. If we are to strengthen our position, and if a cooperation with Shanghai is what it takes, the government officials' logics follows, we got to deal with Shanghai in the Shanghai way -- cooperation through government bureaucrats.

i believe this is illogical for three reasons.

First, the forming of any alliance between the Hong Kong and Shanghai exchanges is not necessarily beneficial. The alliance would deter competition between the two exchanges. It is through the rivalry race between each other that the two cities simultaneous improve the efficiency of fundraising and safeguarding of assets.

Second, even if the alliance is beneficial, an arragement among private sector is more appropriate. If Hong Kong serves its political role as a special administrative region to show capitalism for China, which is on its own way to opening up, we should show Shanghai how market works -- cooperation through private sector, not the other way around.

Above all, a government intervention is fixing an agenda that doesn't even exist all at. Free market is necessary for a sustained economic development. A ticket to economic evolution outweighs a trophy of the financial sector. If we were made to choose between the two, we'd better make no mistake.

Even though the financial sector is important to us, it doesn't mean that the government has to do anything on it. Free market will decide whether or not the financial sector will remain as important tomorrow. Any bureaucratic measure runs the risks misleading the economy.

It is amazing to see how easy it is for human beings predicting the future to overestimate the continuity of the present situation and underestimate the variables down the road. Every year, when the English football season ends, a survey is conducted to ask people to predict the champion for the next season. It almost always turns out that the most-hopeful team is exactly the champion for the past reason. The survey is pointless, useless in prediction.

Nobody knows which industry will be the most important two decades from now, as nobody knew in 1987 the financial sector would become what it is today.

Use the Hang Seng Index as a proxy to the Hong Kong economy. The index constituents are Hong Kong's largest listed companies, and composition of this elite class has changed dramatically over the past twenty years.

Out of the 33 index constituents in October 1987, only 16 have stayed since. More than a half has gone. Those faded stars included a cement company, an aircraft engineering company, a dairy company, television broadcaster and a pair of bus operators. Some of those having stayed have also changed their business focus. For instance, PCCW, formerly known as HK Telephone, operates not only telephone lines, as it used to, but also computer broadband, mobile phone networks and cable-television.

Yes, the Hong Kong economy has experienced "structural changes", as government officials put it. Since 1987, factories moved across the border, the property market collapsed and China boomed. Hong Kong economic structure has changed during that period. When didn't it?

However awkward it seemed for the past two decades, the preceding 20-year period, from 1967 through 1987, marked yet another long list of historic events. And the change of HSI constituents was just as dramatic. During that period, again, a total of 16 big boys dropped out from the then-32-constituent index. They included a beer brewer, a tram operator, a dock and a pair of cross-harbor ferry operators.

If half of the current index constituents will go in the next two decades, what are the new companies and what opportunities will they create? How will the current index constituents shift its business and how will new technology shape our economy?

Uncertainty is the only certainty there is. Free market doesn't provide perfect foresight either. But free market provides the flexibility and guidance for changes that government planning cannot.

Imagine the government in 1967 mistook beer brewery industry as the winner and devoted all resources to it. The government's favoritism would attract many school graduates into the bartender career. Hong Kong would have built an extended Lane Kwai Fong, and that's it.

Is the global financial center status the ultimate destination for every modern city? Not necessarily, Boston, the 19th-century financial center, has evolved to foster some of the world's best universities and technology research institutes. And the living standards there are among the world's best.

Now, it doesn't looks as catastrophic as the government suggests for Hong Kong to lose the status of global financial center. Let the market decide. By doing so, people preserve the freedom to price assets so that resources, capital and human, are directed to the best ends.

If Hong Kong strives for an even greater global financial center, the details for how it actually works require business minds and entrepreneurial guts from the private sector, not the government.

Hong Kong's future is anybody's imagination, but the road of planning is likely to lead to a dead end.

HSI Constituents in 1967
Allied Inv
China Light
China Provident
City Hotels
Dairy Farm
G I Cement
HK & China Gas
HK & S Hotels
HK Aircraft
HK Bank
HK Dock
HK Electric
HK Land
HK Realty 'A'
HK Telephone
HK Tramways
HK Wharf
HK Yaumati
Hutchison
Jar Matheson
Jar Securities
Kln Motor Bus
Lane Crawford 'A'
Nanyang
San Miguel
S-Sea Textile
Star Ferry
Swire Pacific 'A'
Tex Alliance
W Marden 'A'
W Maritime 'A'
Watsons

Copyrights Quamnet

2007/09/29

世仇宿敵

今期《亞洲週刊》有關蔣介石和毛澤東的文章很有趣,兩人對敵了大半生,歷史千迴百轉,他們的精神又被後世統一起來。有人說「世上沒有永遠的敵人」,茶怪想,這真有道理,如果連蔣介石和毛澤東也可以融和,我們面對日常工作上的人又甚算得上國仇家恨?

廣告時間:《財經拆局》榮登《亞洲週刊》「熱門文化指標」香港書籍榜第七位。

2007/09/24

An intervention worse than 1998

The recent government intervention in the Hong Kong stock market will cause far deeper damages than what it did in 1998.

This month, the government said it had bought shares in HKEx, which owns the city's sole stock exchange, and had become the largest shareholder of it. That was the first time the government actively bought any Hong Kong-listed stock since the Asian Financial Crisis in 1998.

That year, the government, in a novel move, bought Hong Kong stocks and successfully defend its financial system. Years on, Hong Kong had left the turmoil behind and restored its reputation of a free market. In retrospect, the government intervention did no harm. How could the recent purchase of a single stock go wrong?

The difference is -- this time, the government chose.

Unlike last time when it bought all blue chips, of which the benchmark Hang Seng Index was composed, the government chose what to buy, when to buy, how many shares to buy. This discretion creates ambiguity. And ambiguity leads the power of coercion.

Now, the government intervention distracted corporate management from its focus on earnings. CEO of listed companies would ask: "What does the government like?" Will my company become the government's next target? Yes, every CEO, who takes his or her responsibility for optimizing shareholders' return seriously, ought to think about this question.

The next question the CEO should ask would be -- what could my company do to win the government's affection? Today, there are many cooperation opportunities between mainland China and Hong Kong. Stock and futures trading is one of them. Other possible arrangements could happen in infrastructure, utilities, transportation and technology. "What is the next big thing (for the government)?"

The corporate management would be busy developing businesses that they think the government would like. These businesses are not necessarily the most profitability or most efficient for the economy.

The distortion effort will multiply when investors join the guessing game. Investors would ask the same question: "What does the government like?" HKEx share price ended more than 20% higher on the day after the government's disclosure of its holding. They will buy stocks in anticipation of the government's action, rather than based on earnings prospects.

What does the government like? Somebody inside the government must have the answer. If not property regulated, that would create room for the government officials to give favoritism. Merely a public comment by government officials can move share prices up and down. That would create conflicts of interest between the public and private sectors.

This discretionary intervention would open the door for possible bailout for financial troubled corporations, especially those big ones with strong relationship with the government. All the government needs to justify a stock purchase is certain cooperation proposal between mainland China and Hong Kong, whether or not it will be realized in the future.

Therefore, the government holds the arbitrary power overshadowing the interest of investors and businesspeople, including incumbent industry players. Relationship with the government becomes more powerful than ever before.

Entrepreneurship will be compromised. Those start-up companies that experiment new products and services will not get financiers' attention they deserve. Being innovative and adventurous, those entrepreneurs cannot be the government's next pick. They cannot fairly compete with the incumbents that have maintained close relationship with the government.

If the government's intention mandates social activities, talents cannot contribute to the advancement of individual's living.

Hong Kong's success depends on entrepreneurship that enables its economy to transform flexibly from a trading harbor to a manufacturing base, to now a financial center. Hong Kong has long had favorable laws for business activities, for example low taxes and free ports. Above all, Hong Kong entrepreneurs are keen hunters for business opportunities. And a free market, without government intervention, is pivotal to allow investors to reward winners, and in turn encourage further newcomers and new ideas.

Should the government invested in a prominent local factory in the 1970's, when everyone believed that Hong Kong couldn't survive without manufacturing industry, Hong Kong could probably not be able to develop the financial industry as it is today.

In the future, will Hong Kong's success depend on some forms of bureaucratic alliance with mainland China? I don't know. But Hong Kong is destined to fail without entrepreneurship. The government's discretionary action is threatening the vitality of entrepreneurship.

Quam Copyright

災難處理方案


當遇上電影《明日之後》的場面,地球氣候急劇改變,溫度驟降,全香港冰天雪地,你會到哪裡避難? 會否像男主角一樣,藏到圖書館,就地取材,燃燒圖書作取暖之用? 怕到時人人抄襲電影情節,迫爆圖書館,茶怪建議你到更安全暢適的地方,就是任何一間投資銀行,因為那裡存放大量招股書,每本幾百頁厚,可應付不時之須。

《28週後》又如何? 到處都是饑餓如狼的食人喪屍,如果你是故事中的美軍,開槍都開到手軟,你會怎麼辦? 茶怪想,最佳方法是向喪屍送上手槍、機關槍、手榴彈,讓他們自相殘殺。因為要決定一個可愛小孩,究竟將成為喪屍甲、乙還是丙的豐富午餐,暴力是唯一的解決方法,你打我、我打你的情況下,喪屍自然傷亡慘重,那個無辜的小孩或可趁亂脫險。人類與喪屍一樣自私,但人類較聰明,懂得制造武器,但更聰明的,是懂得制定法律,保障產權,以交易解決問題,和平共存。

2007/09/19

黑白配

港男港女的討論熱烘烘,以下是兩個月前茶怪在量子自白的留言:

其實結婚不一定是好事,選不對不結也擺。港男表面上有好多選擇,包括內地的女子,但到頭來又係有好多家庭問題。港女以前的結婚率高,很大程度是她們以前經濟獨立條件不足,所以一定要結,現在經濟條件改善,可以結可以不結,自由選擇,那不是較好嗎?

話說回頭,港女亦需要隨著社會時代變化而調節心理,男人搵錢少的,不代表他們不夠叻,在香港女搵錢多過男的正常的,因為香港經濟多是扮演中介人的角色,中介人重溝通,溝通是女性的專長,男性的專長多是數理,在美國矽谷,男人一定搵錢多過女人。如果男女都肯接受男女平等,例如男人肯分擔家務,不因為女伴搵錢多過自己而自鄙,港男港女的「對立」局面可以舒緩。

2007/09/14

陳太輸

茶怪預測今次立法會港島區補選,葉劉淑儀將擊敗陳方安生當選。因為中國主導的股市和經濟已經改變了港人的價值觀,內地股市帶動港股,資金「直通車」,准許內地個人投資者自由投資港股的概念更令港人如痴如醉,連政府入市干預市場自由運作,大家都冇乜所謂,傳媒大唱好,鼓勵齊齊跟港府追貨。香港經濟賴以為生的自由市場原則都拋諸腦後,大家都相信得要中央對香港好,甚麼自由市場他媽的,最緊要係中國市場。

陳太宣佈參選第二日,報紙頭版大字標題:「中央驚我」,分明趕客。代表新時代的葉劉會贏!

後記: 明報論壇方一匡的觀點值得參考。

2007/09/10

曾sir同你炒

政府入市干預股市,買入港交所股份,用公眾的資源去投資投機,何不用這筆錢救濟老弱傷殘? 即使將錢發放給股民,由他們去自由選擇自己喜歡的股票,總好過單靠曾蔭權一己之見去買。他們更可選擇不作買賣,放入定期儲蓄戶口,甚至消費購買,到馬場搏殺。

如果市況逆轉,政府將陷入兩難,沽售或持有? 私人機構的基金經理易辦,大可止蝕離場,以利益為依歸,但政府要改變方向,要付出政治代價。如果政府止蝕離場便是承認政策失誤,用公眾資源去冒險。如果持有,可能損失更大。

2007/09/08

港府送上海免費call option

港府增持港交所股票,據報,不是為投資亦非為干預市場,而是為未來與上海交易所進行股權互換,合作發展。本來,股權互換是很正常的市場交易,港交所和上海交易所可以直接deal,為何要港府作為中間人,先買入港交所股票,然後轉讓? 報導引述政府消息指,這是為顯示港府對港交所的信心,茶怪覺得莫名其妙。

茶怪懷疑,由於合作發展討論需時,上海交易所怕遲些,港交所股價較現時貴得多,所以要求港府先買,鎖定成本,之後議價方便些,另外,港府亦看好港交所後市,即使未來以市價折讓,售予上海,仍然有賺。茶怪想,如果是這樣,港府便承擔起股價下跌的風險,如果股價下跌,上海選擇其他方案或無限期拖延,就是賴著不換,港府就蝕。港府變相送上海免費call option。

2007/09/06

言隨時停

一篇「言隨時停(interesting)」的「壓貼稿(article)」。羅安尼,你真是個「飛落梳化(philosopher)」。

2007/09/05

政府唔會俾個市冧?

1997年夏天,一位前輩閒聊中告訴茶怪,「北京是唔會俾香港股市和樓市冧,個市起碼可以捱到1999年澳門回歸日,因為北京想有體面地收回澳門。」結果,1997和98年股災、樓市大跌,1999年北京還是照樣有體面地收回澳門。

近期類似的理論又復興:「香港回歸十周年之前,政府唔會俾個市冧。」「全國人大之前,政府唔會俾個市冧。」「2008北京奧運之前,政府唔會俾個市冧。」北京奧運之後,2009年澳門回歸十周年,2010世界博覽在上海舉行,2013年全國人大又來,即係幾時政府先可以俾個市冧?

茶怪想,這全是謬誤,理論上政府任何時間都唔想個市冧。但歷史上的股災又時有發生,政府阻止唔來,因為當股票拿在每個投資者的手裡,每個投資者有權決定買賣,政府管也管唔來。政府唯一可以做的,是避免給市場錯覺,以為政府唔會俾個市冧。因為一旦市場有這個錯覺,投機活動就更猖獗,後果更嚴重。

要股市降溫,政府不應出來說股市是否過高,這只會削弱政府官員的公信力,因為他們短期很大機會估錯,亦無助炒風,而是應該聲明政府沒有責任救濟投機者,以中國現時的國力,誰說沒有牛市,奧運便攪不成功? 奧運成功,不靠股市。

2007/08/28

火雞觀

有一隻火雞,牠的世界很簡單,主人每天定時餵牠,感恩節前夕,你問牠對前景的看法,牠會答你,「喔喔,十分好,生活不愁兩餐,主人對我好好,喔,差也差不到哪裡。」翌日,主人宰殺了牠。

見股市日日升,不要慣以為常,更不要的,是找原因去支持升市(主人對我好好),然後最用升市去「證明」原因是對的,然後用那個原因去推斷後市。

2007/08/22

有用的function

看到左邊的瀏覽人數不斷上升,茶怪有點不好意思。因為不是每天有文出,恐怕令你白白浪費click進來的時間。現在向你推薦一個google function,可以幫你省時,就是google reader。只要預設你想看的blog,那個版面就會包羅那些blog的最新文章,並即時更新,好方便。

2007/08/16

Make sense 廢話

「隨著環球股市資金充裕,相信恆指有力挑戰新高。」類似的評語言猶在耳,環球股市突然因信貸緊縮而大幅調整。說明資金充裕並沒有任何預測性,去支持未來股市上升的論點。原因是資金不但可以流入流出不同地區,更可以迅速膨脹萎縮。回顧股市時,在已經知道升市結果時,去找原因解釋,說資金充裕,是一定對的。但若要預測股市,因為今天資金充裕而斷定明天股市繼續升,茶怪想,是一個大膽的假設。

人總是對意料之外的事情感到不安,嘗試基於已知結果,去找一個合乎常理的解釋,併砌成一個有前因後理的「故仔」,易明易記易講,安樂地作事後孔明。一位社會學者說,人並非理性動物,而是一種試圖將事物合理化的動物。可惜,自己認知的往往比想像中少,在構思「故仔」的過程中可能忽略了很多重要的因素,更否定了機緣巧合。這種思考方式很易受所謂「光環效應」 (The Halo Effect)所誤導。

每天股市上上落落,就苦了財經記者和編輯去tell the story,例如早上電視台引述美國通訊社的報導,跌市時說原油價格上升影響消費者信心,升市時說原油價格上升,石油相關類股份帶動大市造好,而不肯接受市場的複雜性和不可預知的本質。「光環效應」就是令人莽斷,升市時,誤以為所有因素都是利好的,包括油價上升; 跌市時,以為所有因素都是利淡的,亦包括油價上升。

新書The Halo Effect解釋光環效應,作者Phil Rosenzweiga扮演devil's advocate角色,挑戰傳統企業管理學思維。如果你喜歡Built To Last和類似有關企業成功之道的書,The Halo Effect不容錯過。

2007/08/15

i'm a plastic bag

We hate plastic bags. Those bags we carry out of supermarkets everyday end up accumulating in landfills and damaging our environment. Conservation groups have urged the government to discourage the use of plastic bags and are winning widening support from the public. One of their proposals is to introduce a tax on plastic bags, or plastax. That's a fixed amount of taxation for every bag consumed. To many, it sounds to be a good idea to affect the behavior of thrifty households. But i have a different theory.

What is a plastic bag? Why supermarkets give it for free?

Isn't a plastic bag a free gift a supermarket gives for customers' convenience? Obviously, negative. Business is anything but philanthropy. Take a convenience store as an example. The cashier almost always asks whether you need a bag or not. If your answer is negative, he is trained to please you with a loud slogan: "Thank you for caring the environment." Indeed, the owner of the convenience store thanks you for saving him a bag. In the supermarket, the cashier never asks that question. Neither does he say anything to encourage you to refuse a bag.

Why the convenience store and the supermarket take different attitudes toward a plastic bag? The answer is, from the convenience store, you seldom buy more than you need, whereas, from the supermarket, you do. In the convenience store, you grasp a bottle of soft drink and some snacks, and go, because you know if you need anything else, you may always find another convenience store within a few footsteps. The convenience store chain knows they cannot make you buy more than you need, except, an extra chocolate bar and that's it.

Supermarket business is a different game. We go to supermarket to buy anything. We do have a shopping list or some idea what we need in advance. But we often get more than we need. Some economists or business gurus attribute the excessive purchase to the successful marketing strategies and the tactics of store layout. But few people observe the pragmatic bottom line. "How are we going to carry the extra stuff out of the supermarket?" Have you ever asked such a question? i never.

Without plastic bags, the amount of stuff purchased is limited to the size of your own bag. And the size of your bag depends on what you plan to buy before leaving home. Now, fully accustomed to the infinite supply of plastic bags, free of charge, that question is pointless. Supermarket knows it. Plastic bags are not for you to carry the stuff you need. They are to carry the stuff you don't need. That's why, unlike convenience store, supermarket never praises you for "caring the environment".

Supermarket wants you to understand that you don't have to worry about carrying the extra stuff even though you are not prepared to carry them. Then, it wants you to walk proudly out to the street, carrying its bags.

Have you ever noticed that there are two different kinds of plastic bags in supermarket? The obvious one is that cashier supplies, on both sides of which is printed with big and bright logo of the supermarket. The less obvious, but as common, is the smaller one that wraps wet stuff like meat, fish and vegetables. This one is faceless, all white without any logo or graphic design. Why are the two kinds so different? The answer is the faceless one sits inside the bright one when you walk out to the street and doesn't show up.

If you believe that a labeled bag is for you to distinguish what being bought from where, you are wrong. Of course, the label does serve such a purpose, but it cannot be the reason for the label to exist in the first place. A labeled bag is for other people to see, for advertising.

Remember the last time you brought a T-shirt and received an oversized carton sack from the boutique. Nothing advertises better than showing someone else is buying. Take a gas station as another example. Gasoline is the least sexy product apart from electricity. Unlike the monopolistic utility companies, gasoline companies compete with each other, if not in pricing. There is no way to tell which car has had its tank filled up by which gas company. The "labeled bag" strategy cannot work because there needs no bag. However, the marketing people do a little trick.

Gas stations give out free boxes of tissue paper with their logos printed on it. Naturally, you put the little box behind the backseat. And, by doing so, you do the gas station a favor by broadcasting an advertisement about the gas station. The audience is all the drivers behind you.

When you walk out to the street carrying the plastic bag of the supermarket, you do the advertising for the supermarket. The more bags you carry, the more physically challenged you look, the better.

i buy more than i need. i help it advertise. Plastic bag and i cannot be separated. From supermarket's viewpoint, i am a plastic bag.

It is the supermarket, not the consumer, who loves plastic bags. Imagine the government launches plastax and the number of consumers who accept plastic bags drops drastically. What would happen in the supermarket? First, shoppers have to leave behind some of the stuff they otherwise would purchase because they haven't prepared enough bags of their own. Second, they all come out the supermarket without a single hint at whether they have bought anything. Turning the street corner, nobody even knows they have ever shopped at where. If you were one of the supermarket owners, would you let that happen?

Supermarkets will do anything to protect plastic bags. For example, they would bear the cost of plastax. They would give out bonuses or coupons to keep you using plastic bags. As long as the plastax is lower than the cost of those bags made of recyclable and environment-friendly materials, supermarkets will keep plastic bags. The bottom-line is you can buy as much as you want and help do the advertising.

Then, all parties are happy, except smaller grocery shops and the start-ups. These smaller competitors don't have the resources to bear the cost of plastax. Neither can they upgrade the bag materials. In the end, plastax will stop small shops from providing customers' convenience, but it cannot stop supermarkets from giving out plastic bags. i believe plastax is one of the many examples that laws and regulations create unnecessarily biased business environment against entrepreneurs and in favor of big firms.

Quamnet column

2007/08/09

謎圖

天氣圖對茶怪來說始終是一個謎。每次看電視天氣佈導,當天氣小姐或天文台職員簡介過今明兩日天氣情況後,略略提高聲調說: 「一齊睇睇天氣圖。」,好像要將短短幾分鐘的節目帶到高潮似的,茶怪引頸以待,準備接收重要訊息,但一看見熒光幕顯示一幅色彩豐富、刻劃細緻的地圖,就莫名其妙地問,究竟天氣圖該怎樣看? 雖然圖象熟口熟面,看過近萬次,但感受與第一次沒有分別,就是不明白,再看下個一萬次,相信只看出同樣一舊雲。究竟有沒有教育節目講解天氣圖? 有沒有可能將天氣圖簡化成「天氣先生」般清楚易明的卡通,究竟看不懂天氣圖的人會損失多少重要資訊? 有幾多人像茶怪一樣看不懂但又不知如何是好? 你曉得嗎? 如果你有子女,當他/她長大到五六歲,一天和你一同看電視,好奇地指著天氣圖問,你又如何有體面地回答? 會否像回答男女性問題一樣忌諱地說: 「寶寶,待你長大後,自然會明白吧。」當然,兩者的分別是,即使長大後,你始終看不曉天氣圖。世代相傳,天氣圖會否成為一個人類永遠解不開的謎?

2007/08/05

電視風雲

前美國副總統戈爾新著The Assault on Reason說美國人民看電視太多,喪失了對政治的理性思考能力。美國人平均每天看電視四個半小時,深受電視畫面影響,政治人物耗用大量政治經費買廣告時段,以煽情的手法,宣傳自己的政治立場,例如布殊政府誇大美國受恐怖襲擊的風險,以及刻意地將薩達姆和阿爾蓋達組織扯上關係,以誤導國民支持美軍出兵伊拉克。

電視有別於文字媒體,其參與門檻高,播放權落在少數人--電影台和廣告客戶手中,大部份人只有看的份兒,不能加入討論。資訊流通,讓人民可以掌握正確的知識,以後經過充分討論,才投票選擇政府,正是民主有效運動的條件。戈爾說,電視作為單向的資訊傳播,危害美國民主的延續。

茶怪想,電視對政治的影響力不容低估,在政治冷淡的香港,早前電視直播特首候選人辯論,引起廣泛關注,我們對曾蔭權和梁家傑亦留下深刻的印象。但政治show高潮過後,香港電視觀眾又返回追劇集的慣性動作。

港人每天花在熒光幕前的時間相信較美國人更長,而且收視率高度集中在一個電視台,電視的影響力在香港較美國更甚。香港電視絕少提及有關政治的課題,沒有戈爾口中的政治偏袒,但茶怪想,電視影響的不是在於政治,而是在社會倫理。香港最高收視的節目,多半是有關家庭倫理的長篇劇,每晚追看的港人,不知不覺地習慣了探究別人的家事,然後加入自己主觀的道德判斷,去判別誰是忠奸。對現實世界中的桃色誹聞、遺產爭奪新聞,這些與社會上大部份人無關的事件,港人像看劇集一樣感興趣。

2007/08/02

我的名字 你的閒事

電話響起,來電顯示: "withheld"。
「喂。」
「唔該你茶乖先生?」
「你地係恆生銀行打黎。」
「咦? 你點知嘅?」
「因為只有恆生銀行先叫我做茶乖,其實我叫茶怪。」
「喔,唔好意思,因為我地個資料系統只顯示英文Cha Gwei,不能顯示中文名。」
「我知,上次你同事已經解釋過了。」
「咁今次向茶生介紹番啦,恆生銀行最新嘅儲蓄計劃,請問你有冇興趣呢?」
「冇,唔該,唔該晒。」

單憑英文譯音去估中文名,成功機會恐怕不足五成。例如,英文名Chan Wai Man的人可以叫陳偉文、陳慧敏或陳維曼。茶怪想,連客人的名字也弄不清,電話推銷員要推銷標榜為客人度身訂造的個人理財計劃,說服力自然大減。銳意發展財富管理業務的恆生可能要想想怎樣改善對客人的稱呼。

2007/07/29

鹹奶茶

幾年前夏天茶怪到西藏旅行,在拉薩一佛寺認識了一位名叫澤西的年青僧人,應邀到他房舍小聚,好客的澤西端出一個暖水壺,將淡褐色奶茶倒進一個小杯子,茶怪欣喜地接過杯子,好極了,西藏也有奶茶,一喝,嚇了嚇,不敢吞,定了兩秒才發現奶茶竟然是鹹味的。好奇一問,才知道西藏的奶茶有加糖的、也有落鹽的。茶怪猜想,大概是因為西藏地處內陸,藏人少吃海產,所以多食一點鹽作補充。澤西問,飲不慣的話,亦有甜的,奶茶說,鹹味的也不錯。於是一邊傾談,一邊喝鹹奶茶,記不起添了多少杯。

自幼出家的澤西,過著苦僧的簡樸生活,但年青人始終喜歡追明星,澤西的偶像是劉德華,房舍牆上除了達賴喇嘛的肖像,還掛了一張劉華的明星相。小粉絲嘗試解釋自己不是拜偶像,只是對明星有一種仰慕,茶怪真佩服劉華。興之所致,我倆還合唱了一曲「忘情水」,他歌喉比茶怪好得多。

澤西養了一只花貓,動作異常靈巧,也愛撒嬌,那個懶洋洋的下午,牠找到了喜歡的臥毯,那就是茶怪的膝頭。從未養過貓的茶怪,縱使喜歡,亦顯得有點不自在,主人看見便拿走牠,豈料,不一會牠又爬回來。澤西拿出食物,牠便走去吃,吃的不是魚不是乾糧,而是從市場買來血淋淋的生牛肉。藏僧也食肉,因為除了畜牧,當地的土壤種不出甚麼蔬菜五穀來。

鹹奶茶、迷劉華的藏僧以及食生牛肉的貓,如果不親身經歷,聽來像是哈利波特的魔幻世界。最近為了宣傳與朋友合著的新書,茶怪接受了雜誌社訪問。談到奶茶,記者問茶怪對不同茶餐廳的奶茶有沒有偏好,原本想趁機會大談茶經的茶怪,突然想起西藏,答:「只要是不難飲的,就可以了。」不敢苟且為以往喝過的作定論,因為你永遠不會預知下一杯奶茶的滋味。

2007/07/26

再見 利是啡

Laissez-faire自由放任政策,普遍被視受香港經濟成功的基石,六十年代擔任財政司郭伯偉亦因大力推行此政策而廣受傳誦,可是,前政府政策顧問顧汝德在其卸任後撰寫的《香港政經》(Uneasy Partners) 一書,力陳香港政府之所以實行自由放任政策,並非為了促進經濟發展,而是基於政治上的考慮,求其管治方便之權宜計。

顧汝德說,英國佬管治香港多年,由於語言和文化的障礙,始終無法理解港人的思想行為,加上英國佬在港數目遠低於本地人,所以對自己的管治權威欠缺信心,他說,有英藉高官在街上迷路都嚇餐飽,感到獨立無援。於是,英國佬便找上一批本地商界精英,希望透過他們的影響力去管治香港。於是,例如去政策傾向支持本地商人,即使是鄉里英國商人也不予特權,港人以為,政府是幫助本地商人白手興家,但其實也有不少干預的政策,例如將紡織出口配額分配予小數大型紡織商和貿易公司,以及眼見樓價飊升、地產發展業缺乏競爭而袖手旁觀。

董建華年代,政府拋棄植民地時代的包袱,學新加坡攪計劃經濟,結果顧汝德不說,你都知。

2005年出版的《香港政經》,沒有提及曾蔭權的施政,茶怪想,按照顧汝德的推論,曾蔭權政府不用像英國佬怕港人作反,怕的是北京官威。他沒有巴結本地大商家的誘因,卻需要爭取的是北京領導人的信心,送香港更多經濟利益,中國政府是國企的大股東,國企主導股市,股市主導香港經濟。從政治角色看,香港將背離自由市場的路,且愈走愈遠。

2007/07/24

八折的

電召的士以八折收費的減價促銷策略具爭議,一方面引起奉公守法的正價的士司機不滿,另一方面受到乘客擁戴。茶怪想,政府應該放寬對的士的價格規定,容許的士司機與乘客自由議價。

的士之所以是的士,其享有專營權利,就是其他私家車不能「爭客」,那管你開著同樣紅色豐田大皇冠。的士是持有牌照經營權的公共運輸工具,牌照設有好多規範要司機遵守,以保障市民。但為市民提供良好服務,的士車資不可能單一化。同一段路程在不同時段價值都不一樣,同一里數不同目的地價值又不一樣,茶怪不明白,為何巴士、地鐵可以提供優惠,例如星期日優惠、長者折扣,表面上是優惠市民但實情是為了速銷,小巴車資可以有上落,大家都接受,偏偏的士不能?

電召的士是一個有效率的經營模式,可以確保的士靈活地調配路線,減少閒置。更重要的是,電召公司可以建立聲譽,對服務水平的提升有幫助,乘客亦可靠經驗選擇滿意的那一間,尤其是深夜乘客,可以選擇其信賴的電召的。

的士減價最大的阻力相信是來自持牌人,其希望確保收入,但如果減價速銷的經營手法,可以提高收入,那都不錯,最大的好處是當社會接受了自由議價之後,將來可能車資由折扣變溢價,到時收入更可觀。不準減價最大的受害者是司機大佬,政府限制了他們的收入,卻沒有限制他們的租車成本。換言之,持牌人享受了專營權的利益,社會責任就由司機負擔。

2007/07/18

財經拆局


蔡東豪想找人寫有關財經的書,找了Victor和K.L.,問茶怪有冇興趣,茶怪話有,事情就是這樣開始。Victor是茶怪多年的舊同事,合作無間,K.L.是Quam的客戶,理念相近。寫甚麼? 蔡定了一個主題,就是「為甚麼」,就像那些兒童益智書「十萬個為甚麼」的模樣。問甚麼? 只要有關財經,問甚麼都可以。於是有好幾個星期六的下午,我們四人就困在一個細小的心戰室,腦力激盪,定下大綱、內容和規格,大家都開懷交換意見,討論好有啟發性。

找來林少陽為書寫序,對茶怪別具意義,I feel so proud, flattered。

寫作對茶怪來說是孤獨而沈迷的。寫書日子,周末與茶太逛街似魂遊太空,有時想到自覺有趣的論點又滔滔不絕不厭其煩地告訴她,追問「你話我講得啱唔啱?」「從未有人咁講過呵?」。但大部分時間都是把自己關在書房裡。那還是新婚的日子,她一直支持、忍耐和分擔,茶怪打算將第一本書送給她。

2007/07/15

索女 喪屍 機關槍


電影「索女 喪屍 機關槍」是近期佳作。索女、喪屍和火爆場面共冶一爐,娛樂性豐富,導演刻意懷舊,模仿七十年代爛片,例如粗糙的畫面、突兀的剪接,還有久違了的「爛gag」,好過癮。故事講: 一個失落的艷舞女郎,立志成為棟篤笑喜劇人,但她連一點攪笑天份也沒有。一輪災難改變了她的一生。

最經典的,是那支義肢機關槍 (見圖),當她發現自己失去的一條腿,哭起來,心想自己做棟篤笑的心願永遠不能達到,跛了怎樣企在台上? 跟著,周圍都是喪屍,她已陷於絕望,跟著有人來救她,她哭著說她走也走不動,誰知一支機關槍插在跛足上,她便重生。「咁都得?」「有乜唔得」人困在逆境時,總是抱怨,放不下失去了的東西,但到危難時,「唔得都要得」只要識變通,一定有計,誰說跛子不能走,仲可以好勁,她還奇蹟地說起笑話來。

2007/07/11

每當變幻時

銅鑼灣建築地盤的一座天秤塌下,昂平吊車跌下,朱培慶與女伴夜遊被撞破,好似好多時候,每日都無事無幹,人人如常地生活,但偏偏是那萬分之一機會會發生的事情,影響我們大半生。想預測未來,最佳方法是認識歷史,但連愛看歷史書的蔡東豪接受訪問時都說,對前路只能「見步行步」。John Perkins也有類似的看法,在其暢銷書Confessions of an Economic Hit Man講述自已多年為美國政府服務,建立世界霸權,他多次慨嘆人生中有一連串的巧合,而面對每個巧合作出的決定,就是影響人生的路途。經濟學者稱之為spontaneous order,簡單來說即係冇order,冇秩序。

電影"每當變幻時"結尾時,演街市婆的千鏵回顧十年得失,說不清成功失敗,只能說是一個過程。而家個股市都係一兩年前冇人估到,至於幾時大跌市,為什麼跌,是美國次級按揭還是中國宏調,誰人知,可能是其他未有所聞的原因,事後至知。新書The Black Swan好似又係世事的不實定性及其力量,硬皮裝$245,茶怪好有計劃地等待折扣優惠。

2007/06/29

他們才是上市委員?



富豪們有機會優先購入新股,毋須與散戶投資者一同抽籤以待分配合,如果該新股是熱門股,上市後藉著供不應供的關係,股價上升,認購落空的散戶唯有以較高的價錢買股,這樣,富豪們變相可以低於市價買股,做成不公平。蘋果日報今日的設計圖片真的可圈可點,以幾位富豪扮演電影「盜海豪情」的主角,是喻意他們一擲千金的豪情,還是指他們是盜賊? 茶怪無意作道德判斷,只是制度不健全,容許不公平發生。

茶怪想,這個優先認購安排最大的禍害,不是誰賺多少,而是富豪們竟然成為真正的上市審批委員,有權決定哪一家公司集資成功與否,通過港文所上市委員會評審的公司當然可以上市,但要集資成功,愈來愈需要幾位富豪們的認可,市場愈來愈依靠他們的指引,他們可能是投資有道的,但即使排除個人利益因素,單憑幾個人去決定一間公司的價值,當然不及市場集群眾智慧去決定的客觀,再者他們的買入價較一般投資者低,其實跨大了他們的投資信心。這樣,令市場無法有效反映公司的價值,亦阻礙了交易所作為有效集資渠道的功能。

2007/06/26

少才是多



飲食男女雜誌的一張相,是一張教人停下來細味的相。平時路過看見這家高級酒樓的門面,除了一片金光,甚麼也看不起眼,記不低。攝影師特意用黑白去影鏞記,示範了黑白照片的威力。很多人認為彩色比黑白好,因為顏色和其他物質一樣,多總比少好。但這張相就說明,沒有顏色,看景物更清楚,線條、質感、佈局出晒黎。

2007/06/22

因人立言

今日信報程介明在其「何謂學術自由?」一文中借教院風波,說他對社會濫用學術自由的看法。「學術自由是針對學術的探索而言的。對於政府政策表示反對和不滿,一般是言論自由的範疇,不是因為發表這些言論的是學者,就一定屬於學術自由的範疇。除非學者作了一些研究,其結果足以證明政府政策的失誤,而政府又干預和禁止這些研究的進行,那才構成一個學術自由的問題。」

在社會保障學術自由重於保障言論自由的環境下,茶怪想,如果凡是出自學者口中的就是學術權威,可享學術自由,一般人的說話只能以言論自由保護之,學者就有了特權。例如,可以為自己的利益講說話,利益包括工作職位、研究資助,甚至個人股票權益(以學者身份在傳媒唱好自己手持的股份)。因人立言之風,麻麻地。

2007/06/20

紅眼症

用堅尼系數去推斷貧富懸殊有三個問題,早前的文章已說明其中兩個,一、人的一生制遇,年青時期是差不多,年紀愈大,差距愈遠,就像馬拉松長跑,首十公里,各跑手都相距不遠,到終點,一頭一尾可以相差幾個小時。香港的嬰兒潮的一代的馬拉松,就反映在堅尼系數上。二、堅尼系數算的,是結果,不是因由。一個自由社會,人有權選擇買誰的產品服務,有權選擇不買,每人的收入不一,成敗得失有好多因素,包括運氣,但結果有高低,不代表不公平。

這裡茶怪想說的是三,貧富懸殊擴大,顯示整個社會的經濟水平在移動中。因為經濟活動是由個體組成,當一個經濟擴張,一定先有一個行業或一批人受惠,將這個看成是問題的,大概是患了「紅眼症」。撇掉心理因素,先有一批人受惠,其實是好事,因為他們富起來,自然帶動其他行業的生產。如果沒有這批「好彩」的人,大家一齊冇運行。

澳門近年急速發展,人才需求一下子颷升,人人都加入賭場服務了,沒有人開公共車,沒有人去提供基本服務。很多人認為澳門今日經濟發展過快,可能導致失衡,學歷不高的年青人,只要跑進賭場工作,收入較大學畢業生還高,令到辛苦耕耘的人不高興。茶怪想,這種不滿情緒在香港也有。

茶怪想,一分耕,一分收獲這種理想烏托邦固然好,但在現實生活是不可能的,因為如果這樣,必須有一個無上權威去決定誰比誰「值得」賺得多,這個無上權威由誰做? 再者,如果規定小學畢業生永遠不能賺得比中學畢業生多,而中學畢業生的收入又永遠不能超過大學畢業生,這樣的社會又怎能令每個人奮發圖強呢? 說澳門發展需慢慢來,如果設身處地去想你是澳門人,你希望明日加人工,還是明年? 你想你的客人是有錢人還是窮人? 你想你的子女到賭場酒店工作,還是看士多賣鳥結糖?

2007/06/13

好過舊時

呢十年有幾好? 鬼佬走了。鬼佬走了有幾好? 請不要誤會茶怪仇外,茶怪當然觀迎鬼佬住在香港,但在港英管治時代,不得不承認在工作上和官祿上是有無形的天花板,在香港的英資公司和政府的高位,中國人沒有可能爬得上。現在,英資公司的高層也慢慢本土化,政府更甚,亦多了中資公司來港。鬼佬走了,有很多職位要中國人上。以前,你不是鬼佬,只好應命,以前沒想過可以爭取的,現在都放在眼前,當然,大家都係中國人,千千萬萬的中國人一齊爭,大家都有機會贏,都咁高咁大,爭起來自然吃力。

我們時常慨嘆幹活愈來愈艱難,同儕的競爭愈來愈大,鬥超時工作,鬥高學力。茶怪想,有得爭,總好過舊時,連爭的機會也沒有。

2007/06/06

民主自由存檔

施永青早前在其報紙社評談民主,批評英美的民主制度阻礙普羅市民的參政機會,末段有幾句神來之筆: 「我對民主政制幻想不多,我寧願政府無為一些,不要管得那麼多,好讓人民可以有多點自主空間。投票幾年才可以行使一次,但自主空間則天天可享用。我願意以民主換自主。」茶怪將施老闆的「自主」理解為「自由」,自己為自己的事情做主。

很多人將民主和自由混為一談,像是兩種分不開的東西,上述的節錄正說明兩者之間的衝突。凡事以大多數人的意願決定,聽來好合理,但若果樣樣都要跟大隊,少數族群的利益自然受損。十九世紀末至二十世紀初,英國對愛爾蘭的迫害,就是民主的陰暗面。

如果投票表決的議案愈多,每個人都要遵循表決結果一至行事,這樣就變成沒有任何人有自由,因為你同我總會在某些範疇上屬於小數族群。雖然香港在政治上沒有民主,但在道德價值問題上,例如藝術創作、性傾向,好像很人都訴諸於少數服從多數,以此為金科玉律,就這樣限制了個人的獨特性。

有人說,民主不是一個目標,只是一條途徑,去保障人民的自由。茶怪同意。人民以個人的意願填form (無須打仗) 去決定誰執政,政府制定公平的法律和提供公共服務,就不用管甚麼。政府之所以可以袖手旁觀,前題是社會有自由市場和慈善力量。

2007/05/29

毅行力量

蔡東豪的新書<<毅行者>>細說這個一百公里競賽的故事。從每個毅行發燒友的的經歷,探索毅行者精神。茶怪想,毅行者這股由眾人集結而發揮出的力量,不計酬勞,不談資本主義原則,就像太陽能和其他取之不盡的天然資源一樣,能否將之轉化成更大的力量,對社會作出更大的貢獻?

今日,但凡有自由市場解決不來的社會問題,如福利、醫療、教育、文化、藝術、電影、保育等,社會人士第一時間將責任推到政府身上。政府也好像是義不容辭地,積極向立法會申請撥款,加福利,攪文化活動。政府好像相信,「市場來不了的,我來。」慷的卻是納稅人的慨。可是,要資源有效地再分配,茶怪想,政府是次選。較佳的選擇是循慈善。徵稅會影響生產力,削弱經濟活動,更重要的是,稅款的用途取決於政治考慮多於「實際需要」。

究竟何謂有「實際需要」,究竟攪「維港巨星匯」、資助電影業、還是資助粵劇,還是保護雀鳥生態較好? 還是幫助窮人? 茶怪唔知,政府亦不應話事。最好由付錢的人決定。由慈善團體籌款,捐款人各自選擇幫助的對象。如果社會整體認為保護雀鳥生態較發展電影業重要,保護雀鳥生態能吸引的捐款自然比較多。你可能問,在經濟掛帥的香港,哪裡更多的善長仁翁?

從毅行者活動的成功,可見慈善不是一個如納稅一樣的「零和遊戲」。善款可以較經濟增長快,而且不會阻礙經濟增長。因為是自由捐贈的,不可被視為個人或企業的生產成本,不會損害他們賺錢的誘因,反而,做善事令人開心,本身是一種「好東西」(goods)。籌款活動成敗視乎主辦機構能否令捐款人快樂。慈善團體之間是有競爭的,但他們從競爭過程之中提升他們的籌款活動的吸引力,令捐款人開心,籌款總額就愈來愈多。社會提倡公益慈善,較推行福利為佳,這樣每個人捐錢增多,交稅減少,付出的感覺更具意義。

2007/05/25

反轉豬肚



做生意的一般不敢得罪客人,千錯萬錯,客人永遠是對的。食肆全面禁煙,酒樓員工都違規者「盡量容忍」,得罪客人等於與自己荷包對著幹。客人拖數賴帳就更麻煩,一方面公司希望客人繼續光顧,另一方面,又怕欠款愈欠愈多。免費報紙AM730則反其道而行,今日在要聞版刊登了一則「欠廣告費啟事」,促請一廣告客戶清還欠款,還公開其股東身份。實行為客人做個「反宣傳」,這一招真絕,欠款的客戶相信只好乖乖就範,否則報紙天天來這一套,恐怕其旅行社生意做不下去。「欠廣告費啟事」會不會嚇怕其他的客人呢? 茶怪想,AM730的廣告版位天天爆滿,惡得起。該客戶不單只馬上付清欠款,還要再落另一則廣告解釋事件,以保護自己的聲譽,報紙又有生意。

2007/05/22

HK won't raise another Jackie Chan

Apart from the brown tap water and the oil fish at home that might make me sick, i shouldn't worry about the society's polarization of income distribution that, skeptics said, affects the job opportunities. The phenomenon of so-called "M-shaped Society" is the mere consequence of the fact that people walk different paths of life. The older they get, the broader divergence of achievements it is possible. That actually happens in Hong Kong as the baby boomers who were born in 1950's and 1960's. The reason the skeptics blame the "M-shaped" phenomenon for the seemingly narrowed job opportunities is that, i believe, the "M-shaped" phenomenon emerged coincidently with the buoyancy of unemployment. The skeptics are barking up the wrong tree.

Yes, unemployment statistics has been disappointing although the economy has been expanded uninterruptedly for the past four years. The current jobless rate of 4.1% means that for every 1,000 people who are either working or waiting for jobs, 41 are now without job. The number considerably exceeds the average 37 over the past 25 years. In the heyday 1982 to 1997, only 25 people on average were jobless. The number hit a historic low of 11 in 1989. Now, at 4.1%, the unemployment rate has fallen significantly from the peak but the decline has flattened. Why?

Economic cycle cannot explain the prevailing unemployment. Is it structural? The government would be happy to agree and reiterates its old tale that Hong Kong has transformed from a manufacturing town to a service-oriented city. The government likes to say that workers who are laid off from factories remained unemployed and that has limited the decline of unemployment rate. The tale suggests that the prevailing unemployment is something irreversible, and the government can hardly do anything about it. However widely cited it is, the tale is false.

The chart on the right (Source: Hong Kong Government) nails the lie.

This chart shows the unemployment trend by age group since 1982. All lines go hand-in-hand, up and down together. The unemployment among workers aged between 50 and 59 has been high in recent years. But the fact is that all age groups, young and old, have soared. If it were structural unemployment that dictated the overall unemployment, one would expect to see the older people, the green line and the orange line, suffer and the others do not. If it were structural unemployment that causes the whole unemployment problem, the jobless rate among the younger people, represented by the red line and the light blue line, should be low. But that is not the case.

The highly consistent pattern across ages suggests that structural changes have played a minor role, if any, in explaining the whole employment problem. There must be some underlying force that affects all workers, young and old.

Apart from "M-shaped" phenomenon, Hong Kong's social welfare has risen coincidently with the rise of unemployment rate.

See the chart on the right (Source: Hong Kong Government) and you will find changes in jobless welfare ground-breaking.

The red line in the chart shows expenditure of Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) Scheme since 1994. The black line shows the number of recipients. The expenditure fifth-folded to HK$17.6 billion in 2004, from HK$3.4 in 1994. The number of recipients increased to 542,000 from 140,000 during the same period. How large is the group of recipients? The number of recipients in 2004 was more than double the number of unemployed people.

How much does the scheme pay as compared with an employer? According to official statistics, an eligible family of three members on average received HK$7,700 a month in the year ended October 2005. A single-member family got HK$3,500 a month.

A cleaning worker earns about HK$3,000 to HK$5,000 after one whole month of hardship. He loses almost all his leisure time and probably spends most of his saving in medical expenses due to the infectious working environment.

The welfare system gives incentive for people not to work. i believe that is the major cause for the prevailing unemployment problem.

Unemployment driven by the welfare hurt the economy harder than cyclical and structural causes do because it tends to stay for a long period of time and affect all workers, young and old. Today's stagnant French economy is an example.

Taxpayers are worse-off. More importantly, the society loses a group of workforce. Small businesses cannot recruit unskilled workers. In the past, small businesses such as textile, jewelry and spectacle companies provided on-job training for young workers, giving rise to a group of innovative talents. For instance, the bosses of listed companies, Shenzhou (2313), Luk Fook (590) and Arts Optical (1120) started their careers as trainees. As trainees, they received minimal pays. All they can ask for were daily meals and the teaching of their "masters" in the hope that they would one day start their own businesses using the techniques taught by their masters.

School courses cannot replace on-job training because students in school aim to take course credits, not the mastering of certain tasks. Without such no-pay training system, there won't be any movie star Jackie Chan.

The welfare expenditure that kicked off in mid-1990's has destroyed the opportunities for on-job training and the innovation that would emerge. As Hong Kong has shown in the past, innovation, not government direction, is what an economy needs for it to go forward.

Next time, i will continue to explore the topic of opportunities.

Copyright Quam

2007/05/19

拉警鐘

茶怪所就讀的大學有一個傳統惡作劇,就是亂拉警鐘。十多年前,茶怪到以製芝士和啤酒為主業的美國小鎮求學,那是一間以學生開派對著名的學府,不知是不是開派對開到通宵達旦的原因,醉酒學生喜歡在半夜三四時,亂拉宿舍的警鐘。警鐘一響,所有宿生都醒來,走到戶外。

這個惡作劇非常無聊,損人不利己,拉警鐘的都肯定是傻子,其中一個就是茶怪。當時,到了大學不足一個星期,一班新生睡不著在聊天,宿舍內其他人都睡了,其中有人話有這樣的有趣傳統,有人提議試試,於是大家便靜靜地返房,以免給人發現,哪警鐘由誰拉? 茶怪和另一位同學自動獻身。警鐘一拉,我們待了一會,就若無其事的混在人群裡,一起走到大門前的草地上,那是清晨五時,聚集了近百人,就是我們的傑作。當時茶怪著,就這樣,大學生涯才不枉過,勁。

此後拉警鐘事件時有發生,惡作劇總是不了了之,從來沒有聽過誰因拉警鐘而被校方追究,被鬧醒的無辜學生,亦不會找誰找悔氣,大學校園生活不就是這樣胡胡鬧鬧地過嗎?

2007/05/14

集體回憶屬誰 II

多謝羅安尼就前文的回應。讓茶怪有機會說得清楚一點。

茶怪小時候就是住在水街的,回想起,在那裡吃白粥油炸鬼的確爽,但這個爽只限於回憶,在當時,如果有選擇,小茶怪寧願到附近的「小飛俠」快餐店或任何一間快餐店,因為有冷氣。水街的大排檔的大風扇,吹的都是熱風。

舊灣仔,茶怪也住過,在天台玩,不知幾爽,現在的新樓就不可能。但到2007年,如果負擔得起,茶怪都會選擇有電梯、衛生情況好一點的其他樓。周末到舊區逛逛,影相,的確幾捨意的,但如果要住在那裡的幾十年唐樓,你願意嗎? 七八十歲的老人家每日要上落幾層樓梯又是如何味道?

羅先生說麥當奴不屬於集體回憶,正說明集體回憶的範圍因人而異,麥當奴肯定是很多人首間工作的公司,亦是很多情侶首次相遇的地方,我和太太便是一例。要不是碧麗宮戲院拆了,就沒有銅鑼灣世貿中心,沒有世貿中心,就沒有當中的麥當奴,沒有那間麥當奴,做記者的做完assignment就沒有方便的地方落腳,就四散各自食lunch,茶怪和太太的命運可能要改寫。那麼,如果你問茶怪有否為碧麗宮拆掉而可惜,有,那是阿爸帶小茶怪看戲的地方。你問茶怪如果那間麥當奴拆了會否可惜,會,但如果社會更需要那裡進行別的活動,例如拆掉世貿建全新戲院,那裡將為未來更多人體現他們的歷程,成為他們的集體回憶。

所有舊的東西,大排檔也好,唐樓也好,都曾經是新的,它們的出現,是推倒更舊的東西而來的。那麼,那些更舊的東西有沒有集體回憶呢? 一定有。那麼我們這一代的集體回憶豈不是又是建基於對上一代的集體回憶之摧毀嗎? 集體回憶屬誰?

2007/05/13

集體回憶屬誰

胡恩威在<<香港風格>>一書中說: 「在太古廣場、太古城、又一城、新城市廣場與及眾多的冷氣商場裡面,沒有歷史,沒有感情,沒有甚麼可以記憶。商場的光線只有一種,沒有四季,無雨、無風,人與人的距離很接近,但當大家透明,沒有笑容,沒有甚麼,甚麼都沒有。這就是資本主義唯一的理想生活嗎? ... 在深水埗的大街小巷裡,有雨,有風,有人世間的悲歡離合,有黑有白有灰,有紅有黃有綠。夏天的汗水,又濕又熱,活受罪。」

讀來很順心,但茶怪再想,所謂集體回憶,是屬於誰的回憶? 對於八十年代成長的一代,包括茶怪自己,舊區商場是集體回憶,新商場不可能是,但對於下一代,和下一代的下一代,這些舊區商場不是他們回憶的一部分,現在新的商場,將來就成為他們的回憶。如果我們這一代純粹為了懷舊,為保留所謂「集體」的回憶,就漠視了下一代的權利,去經歷自己的年代,建立自己的回憶。

胡先生將人的冷漠歸咎於資本主義,說舊日子多好,茶怪問,深水埗的大街小巷,有人氣的商場難道又不是行資本主義的嗎?

2007/05/12

經濟人談情

看了網上一篇有趣的文章愛情經濟學,茶怪希望參與討論:

有趣,談情時說經濟學的確大殺風景。如果茶怪是高先生所說的那位崇尚自由主意經濟學家,聽了愛人說:「甜心,我是屬於你的,甚麼都依你。」,會對她說:

1. 那我真的是全世界最幸福的人了! 其他女士們都愛財、講條件,但你是不一樣的,每人有自由選擇的權利,你置機會成本於不顧,選擇了我,我實在太幸福了。
2. 現在沒有奴隸制,我也不會當你是奴隸看待。
3. 兩人相處要互相幫忙,如果你將來和我一同生活,我也不要你做所有家務,我要分擔一部分家務。
4. 你愛我要付出那麼多心思和時間,還要付出上述的機會成本,甜心,我也愛你,同樣願意為你付出,努力賺錢,不去泡妞,讓你做世上最幸福的女人。

將愛情說成交易,的確好難聽,茶怪想,其實錢是一張紙,人如何賺、如何用,才是值得思考的地方,經濟學的研究對象並非錢,而是人。例如,一個人為了家人的生活水平,放棄安逸,選擇每日努力地工作,去賺錢,賺了錢,他又選擇了給家人用,而不是給了二奶或別人。這整個過程的背後在於情,錢只是一個中介媒體。 而只有在產權清晰劃分和人有自由選擇權時,為別人付出才有意義。

至於「世上沒有免費午餐」,極富爭議性,亦讓人有笑柄,說經濟學是功利主義,不近人情,「我經常請朋友吃飯,不要求有任何物質上或非物質上的回報,哪不是免費午餐,是甚麼?」

茶怪會問: 「你有能力請全世界幾十億人吃一個免費午餐嗎? 」不能,那麼,你的免費午餐的對象必有取捨,選一必失一,那就是成本。茶怪沒有看過佛利民本人就他的名言的註解,純粹從日常生活去設想。所謂免費午餐,吃的人不用付錢,不代表它是免費。請客的人之所以請你吃而不請別人吃,對他來說就是成本,不可能是免費的,付出成本的原因不一定是為回報的,可以是為情。

2007/05/10

蜘蛛俠

蜘蛛俠第三集延續超級英雄神話,其中有句對白是一個在街上欣賞蜘蛛俠電視畫面的路人,說: 「one man can make a big difference」,呼應了第一集的「With great power comes great responsibility」。蜘蛛俠電影希望帶出每個人應「義不容辭」地承擔社會的責任。 但試想想,如果現實世界真的有個超級英雄,生活會過得好一點嗎?

看電影就可以找到答案。當有危難時,蜘蛛俠拉著蜘蛛絲在盪來盪去,去救人和打怪獸的同時,個個警察都企定定地欣賞,甚至喝采。有了蜘蛛俠,久而久之,市面上無論事務大小,可能是爆水渠、地鐵訊號故障,也靠蜘蛛俠攪惦。可能有時情況不是太壞,一般技術人員或紀律部隊可以處理,但人總有惰性,可以的話將事情拖延一下,甚至故意弄糟多些,由得蜘蛛俠去理。日常的保安、警察巡邏、查問可疑人物等工作,各工作單位大概也不必太著緊,出了錯,別怕,有蜘蛛俠補獲。

蜘蛛俠救人,久而久之,人漸漸喪失自救能力。超級英雄好心做壞事。

所謂With great power comes great responsibility,應該加埋for a big bill。要錢,蜘蛛俠如果想做好事,他必定要收錢,明碼實價。你說對不對。

2007/05/05

你知道自己想要甚麼?

一般認識奧國學派在於其「無為而治」的施政理念,將之等同laissez-faire自由市場主導經濟政策,曾蔭權的書架上,據說也有奧派學者海耶克的著作。但奧派在學術界一向被視為非主流派系,普遍大學的經濟學課程隻字不提奧派。有人甚至將奧派與UFO人外來客之說以及據說Tom Cruise崇拜的科學教派混為一談,歸類為邪門異端。海耶克曾跑到經濟學馳名的芝加哥大學覓教職,竟被其經濟學系拒諸門外,於是他只得在芝大教社會學。奧派之所以被定為「邪派」,筒中「離經叛義」之處,在於奧派否定經濟學主流的根本假設 -- 你知道自己想要甚麼。

你有沒有試過很想吃一樣東西,例如乾炒牛河,到茶餐廳點菜時卻叫了叉燒飯? 心明明想要一樣東西,心猿意馬,但最後又選擇了別的。你大概對自己的工作不太滿意,後悔入錯行,入錯公司,想原先若選擇了別的就好了。甚至有個很流行的說法: 「你的老公/老婆,99%不是你最愛的人。」人總覺得,為什麼明明是自己的選擇,總不是自己想要的? 是選擇本身出了問題嗎?

經濟行為就是源於選擇行為,經濟學主流所謂「後經典派」主張,你在選擇的考慮過程中,腦中有條方程式,有晒圖表,經過一輪快速而精確的混算後,答案便出來。後經典派假設,你知道自己要甚麼,然後作出選擇。

奧派則反對這個假設,其堅持的原則,是你根本不知道你自己想要甚麼,直至你作出選擇。你可能以為自己知,但其實唔知。當你選定了,選擇的結果說明了你想要甚麼。這一套茶怪好buy。明明有乾炒牛河,你揀咗叉燒飯,說明你鍾意叉燒飯多過乾炒牛河。茶怪想,靠這個觀念,可以幫人掃除很多無病呻吟。

至於奧派怎樣將這個觀念引伸至「無為而治」? 就是即使科技再先進,沒有一部超級電腦可以計算出甚麼你最想要,從而平衡所有人的要求。問也沒用,問卷調查是錯的,包括消費者信心調查、商業信心調查、產品滿意度調查都不可能反映事實。最佳的經濟政策是靠市場運作,讓市場說明人們想要甚麼。

2007/05/01

「劏客」一問

五一黃金周又開始,相信繼續有很多內地旅客來港受騙,旅遊業界推出的保護旅客權益的措施,如延長退貨期和店舖黑名單,相信效力有限,要有效打擊「劏客」行為,茶怪想,第一是執法,海關應做他們的本分,掃蕩冒牌貨,嚴徵以假亂真的欺詐惡行,犯法固然要拉,至於大部分的「劏客」行為是「合法」的 -- 以超高賣真貨,這又怎麼禁?

如果每個內地旅客都清楚「市價」,那就沒有問題,如果業界能自律,那又不用多講,報章上的類似評論都是不設實際的「憑良好意願,一人行一步,令世界更美好」的空談,人人都要吃飯嘛。罪惡根源在於「回佣」制度,約定好了,旅行社便只會帶團友到指定的鐘表珠寶店,令旅客不能到不同店舖去比較服務水平和價格,以作出自由的購物決定,「回佣」制度是反競爭的。

叫同胞應提高資訊水平以求自保,是不負責任的說法,因為同胞要了解市場,最有效的途徑是親身走到市場裡看,收受回佣的旅行團根本不准許他們這樣做。

茶怪的疑問,是法例上有所謂合法和非法的回佣,究竟是怎樣介定的? 很多行業嚴禁回佣,例如股票分析員,他們推介某股份後,不准向發行該股的公司收取任何利益,地產經紀、建築工程招標也一樣,如有收受回佣者,屬「枱底交易」,廉政公署有咖啡供候,為什麼旅行社又可以有回佣? 回佣的合法性為何在不同的行業有雙重標準?

2007/04/28

茶餐廳人類遺產?

民建聯計劃將「港式茶餐廳文化」申請列入「人類非物質文化遺產」,令茶怪「O咀」。想不到每日必到的地方,其文化將可能成為「遺產」! 「國家地理雜誌」會否用港式茶餐廳為封面,呼籲世界保護這種頻臨絕種的文化? 以後每次到樓下發記食早餐A配「茶走」,豈不是身處周圍都係恐龍化石的博物館?

茶餐廳不是頻臨絕種,而係行落街就有。又不是遺產,因為持有人老闆娘未死。既然不是甚麼熊貓珍禽,哪何須加以保護? 茶怪想,茶餐廳文化反而是最有生命力的文化。

它不停地變,幾十年前的茶餐廳除了賣奶茶咖啡和蛋撻糕點之外沒有別的。現在的茶餐廳有魚蛋粉、雲吞麫、义燒飯、牛扒餐,正式要乜有乜。個個客人都想坐卡位,但一般茶餐廳卡位不多,最近到過有間全間100%卡位。很多人喜歡吃出前一丁,一般要加錢,有間專做出前一丁,有很多款式,作為招徠。茶餐廳文化不像歌劇、木偶表演,它沒有任何造手功架的規章要遵守,沒有固定的格式,因應地點、人流、客路和附近的對手,真正各出其招,也不斷從自己的經驗嘗試改進。

如果民建聯申請成功,必須制定很多規章以界定誰有資格被認可為「茶餐廳」,例如指定要賣甚麼食品。也有很多限制以保留其「傳統」,例如叫檸樂,落單哥仔一定要在紙仔上寫「06」,不得電腦化落單。這樣,茶餐廳就失去了賴以為生的靈活性,很快就變成只吃竹葉的熊貓一樣頻臨絕種,到時就名副其實是遺產。雖然民建聯希望幫香港谷旅遊用心良苦,但「人類非物質文化遺產」的設立是為了記錄人類文明,不是為誰賺錢的。

2007/04/27

走向自由之路

多謝 leo 在前文的留言,問茶怪對「通往奴役之路」(The Road to Serfdom) 一書的看法。

茶怪從這本書上得到很多啟發,亦在此向大家推介。作者海耶克是位經濟學家兼政治哲學家,也是在英語世界的奧國學派代言人。經濟學之中有所謂非主流的奧國學派,原於奧地利,他們跟隨傳統阿當史密斯的自然市場理論,政府愈小干擾愈好,與現時主流之別,在於奧國學派反對以數學抽象方式去研究經濟學,其認為經濟行為是人性的多變之結果,難以代入公式,他們的理論著重經濟活動的過程,由於承認人的個性,他們亦專重人的選擇權利。

「通往奴役之路」就是以追求自由為旨的書,在海耶克筆下,資本主義由很多人抗拒的「市儈」「俗套」學問,變成追求自由的哲學。於1944年出版,此書的針對英國讀者,警告英人社會主義最終走向獨裁,步德國和意大利的後塵。戰後,英國沒有採納海耶克的意見,擴大政府規模以主導經濟發展。較為人熟識的凱恩斯學派是奧國學派的宿敵,兩者差不多同時興起,凱恩斯學派提倡政府帶頭攪活經濟,成為當時經濟學的主流,派頭凱恩斯名言: 「In the long run, we are all dead.」激到奧國學派紮紮跳,兩派之爭,茶怪覺得奧國學派蝕底在於其起源地為非英語世界。 後來的歷史演變卻傾向奧國學派的一方,海耶克在1974年獲得諾貝爾經濟學獎。1970年代全球經濟衰退,英國國企霸佔市場,美國徵重稅,英美在80年代進行經濟改革,朝自由市場方向,將國企私有化和減稅,經濟才復甦。

「通往奴役之路」是海耶克最暢銷的書,其中講,基於平等的法律,人的利益純粹由市場決定,人的制遇固然有得有失,也有幸有不幸,但由市場去決定總好過由別人決定,誰是「別人」? 就是社會主義的政府,其根據所謂道德價值去決定資源的分配,但道德價值是主觀的取捨,同時各種價值亦互相排斥,即使政治領導是民選的,他也不可能滿足所有道德價值的要求,不由市場話事,就甚麼都關政府事,令政府有過大權力,最後,權力使人腐化,希特勒就是這樣誕生。

今日,很少人質疑自由市場的好處 (博友量子例外,但這是好的。),但海耶克所謂的「計劃經濟」仍然有「市場」,以香港為例,市民有甚麼不如意的事都歸咎政府,助長風氣的,又是政治領袖自己,他們將經濟發展的功勞都歸功政府,這樣,有起事上來,市民不找政府找誰? 事實上,人民是信任他們支持的領袖的,而領袖就自己也一定充滿信心,為自己仕途也好,為造福人民也好,總希望憑自己的信念以振興經濟,茶怪認為,他們應先參考這本書。

2007/04/24

添叔

十幾年來首次回鄉探親,滄海桑田。少時數度回鄉,每次出門阿爸都說:「去找阿添,佢大你幾歲,你應叫佢...佢係你...阿叔。」就這樣,茶怪與添叔相識多年,阿爺個兄弟個仔就是他,這個家族關係flow chart,茶怪最近才敲得清楚。

阿爸口中的老家沒有一個是壞人,但對於年少的茶怪可不是。小茶怪覺得鄉下人都很貪心,總是要求你送甚麼,從舊衣服到彩色電視機,有次阿爸買了一雙新波鞋給一位小朋友,小茶怪氣壞了,他們那麼貪心,老是要人家的東西,為何還送波鞋給他們 ! 添叔帶小茶怪到處玩,小茶怪都不太在乎,反正回鄉只是阿爸吩咐的例行公事。上次臨走,添叔問茶怪可否把隨身的walkman留給他,茶怪斷言拒絕,心想,是我的為什麼要給你!

一轉眼就十幾年,週六茶怪帶茶太和弟弟回鄉祭祖,想不到當年劉華「天長地久」長毛look的添叔已變了平頭裝黎智英look,是一家小型工廠的老闆。添叔帶茶怪三人到處走,四驅車取代了已往的單車,全程三餐膳食由他結帳,不是很豪華的餐館,但食物和節目悉心安排,談做生意、投資、信用卡、講教育理想等,walkman的事沒有再提。

臨別時茶怪感到不好意思麻煩了添叔一個週末,邀請他到香港旅遊,說冒必盡地主之誼,好好安排,誰不知他對這邊的購物商店和主題公園不為所動,答: 「生意很忙,走不開。」還道: 「再回來吧,我們都是一家人。」

2007/04/19

Kurt Vonnegut

"The year was 2081, and everybody was finally equal..." This science fiction dated 1961 tells something about equality. The author Kurt Vonnegut died last week.

2007/04/17

M-shaped society: Inequality?

Living in a city like Hong Kong, i have endless reasons for getting paranoid. At home, i get brown tap water. My share of frozen oil fish still sits in the fridge since news reports said the fish could cause health problem. What more fearful takes place at work -- the fear of losing my job. Recent job statistics from the government seems to tell a spine-chilling story about my future -- "Get rich, or you have to be poor. There is no middle ground!"

In the so-called M-shaped society, the distribution of income has polarized. The number of people who earn monthly income of less than HK$6,000 increased by 17% during the decade from 1996 to 2006. Payrolls for more than HK$10,000 rose 21%. However, the group of people who earn between HK$6,000 and HK$10,000 contracted by 8%. Academics pulled out the jargon called Gini Coefficient and said that inequality in Hong Kong is now scoring high relative to other comparable cities in the world. The situation is getting worse year after year, they said. Social groups warned that the middle class is disappearing and the society is going out of balance. Some people must be taking advantages over others, they claimed.

Worse, the unemployment rate remains buoyant, above 4%, compared with 1-3% during the decade from 1986 to 1995. Even top financial official Henry Tang threw cold water on hopes that the job market could recover, saying the jobless rate won't come down to the heyday level until we die. Is the city losing jobs? Many people say yes. They pointed to cheap labors across the border for taking away low-paying jobs. The others blamed former chief Tung Chee-hwa for leading the economic development to nowhere.

Even well educated people cannot escape from the misery, it seems. The job market is getting increasingly competitive when university graduates are accepting salaries low enough to make their elder alumni laugh. An average high school graduate is doing much worse than that 30 years ago. Some people said it was a rat race for academic qualifications in which everyone is struggling but no one gains at all.

Are we coming to the end of the world? No. Far from it.

From this paragraph onward, i am going to cheer you up. i am going to tell you the truth behind the numbers. The M shape, jobless rate and even fresh graduate income are irrelevant as an indicator of inequality and job opportunities. None of them means anything miserable. Instead, they are the outcomes of natural progress of our society.

i am not going to bore you with number crunching and twisting. i just want to point out a simple fact -- people follow different paths along their lifetime.

Randomly take two fresh graduates from university. They would likely start with monthly income more or less the same, say HK$9,000. Ten years later, their income could be anywhere between HK$20,000 to HK$50,000. Another ten years later, one of them might possible become a successful businessman while the other might possibly have problem to earn a living. Further ten years later, the successful businessman could unfortunately go broke and the other catch a second wind to become a billionaire.

That's natural. In a marathon, ten athletes who start at the same line could end up miles apart. How does that relate to the M-shape situation?

A wave of new birth kicked in during the decade following the end of World War II. See the longest pair of bars, for men and women, in the following chart and you know the size of the so-called baby-boomers. Baby-boomers, men and women aged between 40 and 50, amounted to roughly 1.3 million in 2006.


In 1996, the baby-boomers of course were 10 years younger than now. See the following chart.


The widening of income distribution over the past decades was resulted from the fact that the baby-boomers were explored their fortune. Twenty years ago, they just started their career and received similar incomes. As time went by, some did better than the others. In their forties, in 2006, the baby-boomers made various levels of achievements. They are not necessarily going to extremes. There could be a lot of middle-range performers. Merely the dispersed spread of personal performance is enough to make the statistics take its present shape.

Compare two hypothetical societies -- one comprising mostly 20-year-old people and the other comprising mostly 40-year-old. Can we say that the younger society is more equal than the older one simply because the younger society has more evenly distributed income? No, we can't.

To make Hong Kong a better place to live, we must distinguish "inequality of outcomes" from "inequality of opportunities". The Gini Coefficient and any other measurement of income distribution measure the degree of "inequality of outcomes" only. We are barking the wrong tree if we focus on "inequality of outcomes". A communistic society has absolute equality of outcomes. Everyone earns the same level of income. Is it a utopia? Some people might say: "Yes, those poor people contribute to the society just as much as the rich. Let them share the fruit of the economic development." However, the road to hell is paved with good intentions. History tells us that, if we focus on equality of outcome, we won't help the poor at all. Instead, everyone would end up being in poverty.

"Inequality of opportunities" is more important than "inequality of outcomes". That is to ensure that everyone plays in level field.

i will try to assess the inequality of opportunities in Hong Kong in future entries. Before that, we would take a few more steps to clarify the general perceptions and confusions. Next time, i will continue to show why worries about the buoyant unemployment rate and the struggle of rat race are exaggerated.

Copyright Quam

2007/04/15

社會冇M型

以下二圖分別顯示1996年和2006年職業收入分佈,你看得出M型嗎?

茶怪想像力再好,看來看去都是一個山型,可能2006年的山較十年前平,仍是一個山,將來山會變M型? 不知道,起碼現在仍是個山,人說香港是M型社會,茶怪想,有危言聳聽之嫌。

2007/04/08

巴別塔

聖經記載巴別塔的故事,就是神看見人類團體地建造一個高比天的塔,神就令原本說同一種語言的人類,開始說不同的語言,令他們無法溝通,自此,人就不能團結。聽起來有點荒謬,神為什麼這樣自私,要離間人? 茶怪想真點,這個故事的意義,是種族之間的疏離,歸根咎底在於人的自以為是,人性的本質。

電影<<巴別塔>>,說人間的互不信任和缺乏溝通,種族之間、國家之間、社會家庭角色之間如是。片名有宗教意味,但沒有說教,說的是人間的故事,幾好睇。

Who killed Silly Keung?

鬼佬版與原裝港版無間道,人們對鬼佬版沒有了"傻強"一角感到失望,認為親切感大減。茶怪想,傻強一角的作用,除了攪笑,更重要是用來襯托梁朝偉的機智。在編劇悉心安排下,無間道的四個主角,都各有四個配角作為襯托,梁朝偉有傻強,劉德華有衝動的同事吳廷華,黃sir有悶蛋同事葉sir,大奸角韓森有周圍差人亦茫然不知泰國毒梟。有這些配角,才顯出主角的過人之處。

原裝無間道說忠義者最終得到解脫,背叛者永不超生,要加強覆蓋面,當中的主角要是卓越非凡的人,暗示卓越的人如是得到報應,更何況普通人。鬼佬版無間道不行這套。除了有班不知「江湖規矩」的中國幫,去顯出Jack Nicholson的老練之外,沒有其他的襯托角色,傻強亦不例外,原因是如茶怪在前文"Three years, three years and three years!"中指出,鬼佬版並不歌頌英雄,不著重正邪,沒有善惡因果。所有角色皆為棋子,為自己的私利各出奇謀。

傻強是儒家文化的產物,也適合階級制度的需要,他忠心、卑微、傻,他令上級感到安全,傻強之上又有傻強,一級一級上。但西方的文化看不見傻強,即使看見,也不用不著,即使有用,也不相信他是傻的。令西人有安全感的,是權力的制衡,Nicholson「收靚」不問甚麼,只要有collateral,抵押品可以是親人或甚麼,只要有「痛腳」,威脅就是指令的力量,這就是權力的制衡。

在國際關係裡,中國幾千年來一直以為日本和其他鄰近的國家都是傻強,將來,中國將繼續相信她有很多傻強。日本是西方的傻強,但在九十年代,當日本經貿強勁,引起美國的保護主義,並有學者懷疑終有一日,日本回歸成為中國的傻強,西方就是不信傻強是傻的,西方在歐洲歷史上行權力制衡這一套,面對中國的日益強大,將循權力制衡方面著手。

2007/04/04

讀書樂

常聽說「滿街碩士」,工餘時進修,取得好學歷也找不到一份高薪厚職。為甚麼?是競爭太激烈嗎?茶怪想,兩者未必有關係,首先,進修如果作為投資,是屬於高成本、低回報、高風險、低流通性的。

高成本 -- 時間金錢不在話下。低回報 -- 進修得來的知識技能未必可應用於工作上以提升工作效率。以金融業為例,工作效率主要來自兩方面,投資眼光和人脈關係,兩樣都差不多冇得學,要求的基本知識如數學和語言,都在中學有教,要培養好投資眼光和人脈關係,更重要的是實務經驗。高風險 -- 投資期長,很難預見幾年後,你所修讀的專科的人才需求,很多時間,市場有週期,當某個專業好景,人人爭相進修,誰不知完成課程後,該專業的週期已轉淡,市面上出現大批拿著該專業資格的求職者,工資待遇一定被壓低。低流通性 -- 股票買錯了可即日沽售,換碼,但專業資格不能隨時轉換。

專業資格只限於政府、非牟利機構或絕對排他性的專業,如會計師和律師,發揮利益功效,在市場經濟則不能,工資待遇取決於工作效率,好簡單,考慮聘請你的雇主本身都是打工仔,自己管理的部門也有表現目標。普遍人的認知是: 「一個中五畢業,另一個大學畢業,雇主一定請大學生吧。」對,這是因為有能力的人多入大學大專,這是常規教育選拔機制下所產生的標籤效應。但投身社會之後工餘時間進修,所得的資格已失去標籤效應。

讀書為讀書,搵錢為搵錢,讀書為搵錢是錯配。讀書、進修以提升個人修養,茶怪想,是最快樂和自然的結果,希望搵錢的,最有效的方法是從工作中學習、拼搏,以提升自己的效率。人們不是愚的,為何他們從切身利益考量,都寧願選擇持續進修這項「劣質投資」?可能是因為已沒有更好的投資選擇了,「從工作中學習、拼搏」,回報更低,為甚麼? 茶怪未有答案。

2007/04/03

沙士紀念日 II

多謝meta的回應。

董落曾上的意義,茶怪想,不在於新人勝舊人,而在於「炒魷」機制的彰顯。

很多人說,董落的原因是中央改朝換代,但澳門特首豈不是,為什麼他又能通過新老板的面試? 董在位期間,經濟衰退,疫症處理不周,政府財政嚴重赤字,曾上,赤字消失,幸運地再沒有沙士,整體經濟復甦。至於貧富懸殊和政制改革問題,尚待處理。

經濟和財赤是週期性的,疫症亦不知何時會來,曾上的時間剛好順風順水,是好幸? 成功總帶幸運成份,最重要是個結果,結果影響民心。老董輕民心重效率,例如中藥港、數碼港和八萬五建屋計劃,老董以為任期五年又五年,不怕你罵、上街。誰不知中央冇面俾,民心關乎社會穩定,穩定第一,原來不攪好民心會遭「炒魷」。

老曾重民心輕效率,競選前攪咁多show,有甚麼計劃,是真是假都做公開咨詢。茶怪想,怕被「炒魷」是特首最大的動力去「做好呢份工」。

2007/04/01

沙士紀念日

四月一日是沙士紀念日,至少茶怪這樣認為。

四年前的今日,有謠傳指香港成為疫阜,大批市民跑到超市搶購糧食和日用品,加重當時的悲情的,是哥哥張國榮自殺去世,諷刺地,愚人節偏偏就是沙士期間最黑暗的一日。

沙士是香港近年最悲慘的歷史,這場疫症奪去三百人性命,間接獨發五十萬人上街遊行,間接令董建華下台,它亦將香港經濟拖到谷底。

茶怪希望趁沙士四週年,紀念不幸的死傷者、表揚盡忠職守的醫護人員、和提醒你和自己要保重身體、注意衛生。紀念沙士還有一個積極意義,就是我們能夠捱過難關。

2007/03/31

以第一個答案為準

「你估恆指今年年底是多少?」茶怪和朋友談股經,遇上類似問題,第一個反應是: 「唔知。」一個掃興的答案,可能的話,盡量猜一猜,最簡單的推斷是 -- 2006年由15,000點升到20,000點,每年升5,000,2007年底應該到25,000,那就相當高興了。這個計法可能粗略了點,「唔夠科學」,拿二十年的數據分析,會否可靠些?

茶怪下載過去二十年的恆指數據,經過統計學混算,將複式增長結果轉化成線性模式,訂定一條趨勢線,據此,2007年底恆指應為22,725。不錯吧。但是,二十年的經歷是夠長嗎? 見過有投資專家作更「全面」的評估,找來四十多年的數據,由恆指於1964年基點100開始,以類似的統計學混算,得出更進取的答案 -- 26,000,嘩!

這個計算方法可能有問題,這四十年內,上半折比下半折好景得多。1964至1986年,是香港由工業轉型為商業的時代,將之計算在內,可能誇大了恆指今時今日的步伐。用1987至1996年的數據亦有問題,因當時是樓市股市飛騰的時代,恆指在1964至1996年走勢厲害,這段日子會否重臨? 還是保守一點,只限分析最近十年的趨勢,回歸後的環境可能有其獨特性,十年趨勢圖顯示,2007年底,恆指係17,431,吓!


記得小時候,朋友們嬉戲總愛嚷著說:「以第一個答案為準。」現在回想這句說話真有道理。

2007/03/30

聽民意=反競爭?

多謝brian就前文的回應。

根據brian所說,公平競爭法是一場政治show,不是經濟和社會上的考慮,茶怪想後果會好嚴重,通過法案初期,是皆大歡喜的,政府打擊官商勾結「不遺餘力」,同時,與民主派在「非政治」領域合作關係良好; 民主派看來成功為市民爭取了些東西; 市民對大財團的氣也消減。但當法例實施之後未見成效,市民的打擊對象大超市,沒有受到任何影響,如常「欺負」供應商,貧富懸殊問題持續,這樣,民間繼續有不滿聲音,自然有更多人走出來「代表民意」,要求進一步立法,加大促進公平競爭法的力度,政府方面,想,以此作為政治籌碼幾好,成本低,風險低,形象好。如是者,出現惡性循環,不斷有新條文加入。

更多的繁文縟節,受害者反應是中小企,因為他們沒有大狀律師,與政府的關係又不及大財團,要依法申請,填form,請律師、會計師,成本一定增加,而且等候批文時間又延長了。更重要的,是繁文縟節必然減少中小企靈活變通的可能性,可知中小企要與大財團競爭,人力物力一定輸蝕,唯一可以取勝的是靠靈活變通,正如聖經記載年少時的大衛王如何打敗巨人一樣。當然中小企勝大財團不是甚麼神話故事,google贏yahoo就是實證。

靈活變通就是生意上的創意,創意就是社會進步的條例,你諗到偈,我又有好橋,雖然不是每個新辦法都成功,但是有效的市場,就是不斷地進行trial and error,飛沙走石,每個人,企業都有機會成功。在有效的市場,企業不論大小,都要不斷求變,去競爭,去進步,這樣社會才有希望。

很多對大財團的指控,是源於他們的市場地位,以至享受極高的議價能力。茶怪想,一場球賽,永無咁高咁大,曼聯對韋斯咸你話公唔公平? 一隊榜首,一隊榜尾,曼聯有錢,請最好的球員、領隊,又如何,一樣有機會輸,對球迷來說,球賽公平與否,不是看牌面,而是看球證如何執法,有沒有偏幫,如果無,球賽就是公平,雙方一定全力以赴。足球比賽規例簡單,就是維持球賽公平的最佳方法。球例愈複雜,球證可以影響賽果的空間便愈大。

2007/03/29

少立法,多執法

看新聞有時覺得好好笑,甚麼東西都算到政府頭上,尤其是星期日的電視新聞,環保團體指戶外廣告牌上燈泡太多,要政府立法規管,其他包括工人保障、家庭紛爭、愛護動物等問題,也要政府立法,或發上指引,茶怪想,政府怎麼辨? 它有能力對各行各業了解清楚? 究竟一個廣告牌應掛多少個燈泡,才算合理? 太多的法例只會幫倒忙,如何確實執行現有的法例更重要。廣告牌太亮,有否影響鄰居作息? 觸犯滋擾條例?

另一個好無聊的規例,是對付小巴超速問題,不知是誰想出來的主意,規定每輛小巴須安裝超速警告器,它全程顯示車速,每當超速,它就發出吵耳的bb聲響,它還印有小巴的車牌。作用是提醒乘客,叫他們如有不滿可投訴。結果,你都知,小巴繼續超速,超速警告器不停響,要乘客繼續坐過山車之餘,還要忍受噪音。小巴商又要承擔安裝警告器的成本,長期測驗和維修又是錢。 還有路段不同,車速限制不一,警告器沒有辦法因應不同路段的需要發揮「作用」。

其實要防止小巴超速方法好簡單 -- 抄牌,你一超速,就收「牛肉干」。執法不夠嚴謹,再立一千條例也沒用。


社會反對壟斷聲音此起彼落,要求政府訂立「公平競爭法」,思維方向和上述廣告牌的類似,就是有問題,就立法,茶怪對此有所保留,立法是否可以解決問題? 大財團有好多大狀律師幫手,與政府關係又好,取得waiver好易,繁文縟節只會加重中小企負擔。事實上,問題不在於現有的法例足夠與否,而是執行夠不夠徹底。以地產商為例,他們被指在賣地過程中達成協議,成功避免競爭。其實這類協議可能觸犯現有的競投法例,但事情不了了之。

2007/03/28

不談嘉玲

富士康(2038)是名副其實的cash cow,ROIC在過去三年超過三成,茶怪預計未來幾年有三成至四成幾。ROIC是Return on Invested Capital,即一間公司每年投入的資金的回報,資金包括買機、買廠,還包括茶怪最討厭的營運資金 -- 存貨、些數等 (因為討厭,所以更要計真),這裡說的回報有別於盈利,是稅後營運現金流 (NOPLAT),為什麼這個ROIC值得參考?

ROIC就是說你今年投放了多少現金進一門生意,明年的營運,扣除人工、租金、燈油火蠟之後所得的現金流入增長。它較其他以盈利和賬面資產計出的回報率如ROE、ROA等為實際,因為ROIC著眼於現金流出流入。

高ROIC代表顯示富士康貨如輪轉,增值能力不在於貴價機械。富士康僅賺取直接成本的十分一,其他規模較小的廠,如果同樣定價,即使物料損耗做到富士康的低水平,僅是overhead雜費,足以令他們無利可圖。

如果純粹計P/E,現價24.05,2006年預測市盈率達25倍,算高,但考慮到現金流強勁,受惠於外判代工需求,top line 營業額2007至09年,持績有17%至38%增長,現價估值合理。富士康的風險在於客戶與供應商高度集中,和受其大股東鴻海集團的控制,兩者業務和客戶群接近。近期富士康大客Motorola,手機滯銷,也對富士康構成壓力。

2007/03/27

不說自己文章不好

三十年代上海,林語堂在其創辦的雜誌社,向同事發memo,訂定寫作規章,撮要如下:
一、不反革命;

二、不評論我們看不起的人,但我們所愛護的人要盡量批評;
三、不破口罵人;
四、不拿別人的錢,不說他人的話;
五、不附庸風雅,更不依附權貴;
六、不互相標榜,反對肉麻主義;
七、不做痰迷詩,不登香豔詞;
八、不主張公道,只談老實的私見;
九、不戒癖好。並不勸人戒煙。
十、不說自已的文章不好。

茶怪覺得很有意思,常以此為戒,希望與你分享。

2007/03/15

唔准傾偈

前文提過地產商在政府土地拍賣會上為免「爭堋頭」,有機會在某些情況下「點到即止」。據報,日前在拍賣會上中途,信和與南豐代表「咬耳朵」,即場達成合成協議,共同發展大家志在必得的土地。本來可以以更高價成交的土地,即場協議令競價停止,有損拍賣價高者得的原意,減少了政府庫房收入,更重要的是,在沒有充滿競爭下,有限的資源無法分配到購買意欲最高的買家。茶怪想,即場協議應該禁止。

地產發展商合作發展土地是自由商業活動,不應干預。關鍵是合作協議何時達成。拍賣會舉行前,沒有人知道誰購買意欲最高,你和某某相好組織聯盟去投地,說不定到時有願意出更高價者,所以競爭仍然存在。拍賣會舉行後,貨物出門,賣家無權過問。偏偏在拍賣會舉行時,有一個狹窄的時空,讓參與者逃避競爭。


在一輪叫價之後,競投者的數目很快就減少,到只餘下兩位,他們便是購買意欲最高的買家。其他的參與者雖然表面上仍有權舉牌,但由於當時叫價已高過他們願意承受的水平,所以不會再舉牌,同時兩大競爭者終於知道對方的身份,即場協議就可那時達成,最後的兩大競爭者就不用再爭。

如果茶怪有一天不幸要當拍賣官,拍賣自己的家當,冒必想盡辦法阻止即場協議。

2007/03/14

白票一定知,一定

假設你在街上遇襲,被打了一身,誰是主謀你一定知,因為主謀一定要你知他是誰,才達到他打你的目的,目的就是要左右你日後的某些決定。否則,你有多個敵人或仇家,萬一你誤會了是別個,怕錯了別人,主謀豈不是白費心機和金錢?

看國際新聞,凡有恐怖炸彈襲擊,事後總有某某激進組織公開承認責任,茶怪以前常常有疑問: 「承認責任,莫非幫忙當地警方查案,等於自投羅網? 」不,想深一層,他們就是要你知。

何鴻燊說,白票一定知,導致有關當局走出來澄清,強調投票是不記名的,保密功夫亦將做足,其實傳媒是捉錯方向,問題本身不是於投票程序,而是這個選舉的「特質」。


各個利益團體為向曾蔭權爭取政府資源,或優惠政策,都在投票上以白票作為與老曾討價還價的籌碼,老曾沒有可能同一時間滿足各方要求,談不合攏的團體,便會投白票。目的不是發洩不滿,而是為日後有更大能量爭取利益,所以投白票的團體一定直接或間接,讓老曾知道。

「白票一定知」,關鍵在於誰人知,老曾一定知,至於北京,正是此言精妙之處。

2007/03/11

Blog is beautiful

Great economist and political philosopher Friedrich Hayek says: "What is essential to make [intellectual freedom] serve its function as the prime mover of intellectual progress is not that everybody may be able to think or write anything, but that any cause or idea may be argued by somebody."

Replace [intellectual freedom] with [blog
] and you get that blog is beautiful and why it is so. t freak appreciates your comments at this blog.

2007/03/10

電影一問

不同電影,無論是數千萬元的大製作,還是幾百萬的小品,無論是好看的還是爛片,放在同一間戲院上映,為什麼票價都是一樣? 熱奶茶和凍奶茶的價格已是不一,其他的商品價格差異較大,為什麼正常的市場自由定價情況在戲院又不適用?

府計劃津貼電影投資,茶怪對此有保留,香港不缺資金。要振興電影業較重要是鼓勵競爭,有競爭才有進步,香港電影業是否缺乏競爭? 從票價上看,是缺乏競爭,市場的力量還未充分發展。 (戲院與戲院之間有價格差異,是反映地點、戲院佈置等因素。但就同一間戲院而言,各套戲是劃一票價的,而且票價長期維持。)

如果以市場供求去決定價格,大製作大導演大卡士的電影,叫座力高,可能市價較高。相反,小規模製作的,可能是新進導演初次、年輕演員合作的,觀眾不認識,可能市價較低。或者是本地低成本製作,可能市價較低。當然如果大製作的是爛片,市價大跌,或本地低成本製作叫好叫座,市價大升,也說不定。視乎市場決定。

你可能會問,小規模創作已夠慘了,如果要降價促銷,創作人的飯碗怎樣保? 而且,降價等於自貶身價,不是進一步降低叫座力嗎? 茶怪想,小規模創作的電影正是劃一收費的受害者,它們以同一價格,與大卡士大製作競爭,真吃虧。 觀眾不入場,其創作人的飯碗更不保。至於自貶身價的問題,如果沒有人入場,憑何論身價。

茶怪不熟識電影業運作,望你指點迷津。

2007/03/08

台北遊記

前幾天與太太到台北旅遊,到處逛街,食台灣小吃,悠悠閒閒地玩了幾天。大概五年前到台北,現在的感覺和五年前的台北都是差不多,城市發展好像停滯不前,如果換轉是大陸的大城市,相信很多東西都面目全非。在台北購物區,可能天氣太冷和下雨,好像周圍都冷清清的。到新北投浸溫泉,也是一樣小貓三兩,我們在公眾大池浸,因為沒有其他人,公眾大池變成我們的私家池,真爽。

台北的書店是一大景點,而每間書店各有特色,正如台灣通c945096說,誠品敦南(24小時店)是買不到書,是一個hea的地方,有人抱著書在睡覺,那裡的藏書較雜亂。誠品信義就厲害了,大得像一個博物館一樣,但選書的買手不算好,可以是個人口味問題。台北101大廈的Page One,令茶怪刮目相看,香港的Page One多是圖片書,但台灣的那間有很多有意思的文字書,特別是英文書。金石堂是另一間好書店,它樓面不算大,但有很多店員的推介,去刺激你的閱讀興趣。

不知為什麼,到哪裡旅行,總要找星巴克作為落腳點,不是到當地的特色咖啡店或小食店,在西班牙如是,台灣如是。到了淡水的市集,終於明白,無論到那裡景點,甚麼小食特飲,其實都是大同小異,與其是到處碰,不如到熟識的星巴克,看看當地人怎樣發揮同一個全球性的題材,敦化北路的那間,女收銀員是多麼的甜美可人,太太也呷醋了。

2007/03/03

關乜事

明天渣打馬拉松,如果有人不適,心臟病發或抽根,環保團體就會拿這些事件造文章,說香港的空氣質素每況愈下,導致愈來愈多跑手不適,甚至有生命危險。空氣質素的確差了,愈來愈多跑手不適也是事實,兩者是否有關? 茶怪前文指出,「香港女多男少,好男人難求。」是謬誤,「空氣質素差,跑手不適」是另一個。

空氣差是不會導致抽根的,愈來愈多跑手抽根,又是何解? 渣打馬拉松愈來愈受歡迎,參加人數愈來愈多,不適跑手的數量多,是正常現象,加上有很多新參加者,平時缺乏練習,只是跟朋友一齊玩,或感受比賽氣氛,有些勇字當頭,沒有注意自己身體的反應的,不適的機會更大,輕則抽根,嚴重的送命。

空氣日日差,不會在比賽當日特別差的,如果平時每星期有練習,也沒有出事,比賽當日因空氣差而不適,是說不通的。唯一受影響的可能是海外跑手。

學者,包括經濟學者,近年喜歡玩correlation,很容易用數據發掘到一些有趣,甚至有「利用價值」的關係,但實際上是無關的,只不過是同時發生而已。你只需要畫個圖,比較空氣污染和渣打馬拉松參加人數歷年的變化,很容易得出一個「學術性」的結論 -- 空氣污染是港人愛跑步的原因。

2007/02/28

Mr. Right is hard to find, why?

It is so hard for a women to find a good man to marry, say many people, including those hosting radio shows, dining in restaurants and sighing in Internet. Many single women, at their late 20's and early 30's, have gloomy hopes for marriage. There are a lot of reasons for being single, some personal and others social. One general argument is that there are fewer men than women living in Hong Kong, and that inevitably would leave some women behind, unmarried. The dismal logic follows that women now have to compete more desperately for men's love, or they will end up being single. No, i don't think so. The whole argument is wrong.

The so-called "men-and-women imbalance" exists but it is irrelevant.

2006 Population By-census offers statistics that shed new lights on this subject.

Women exceeded men by 320,000. That is a shocking number, meaning that for every 100 women, there are only 91 men -- leaving behind nine women. However, a closer look into the statistics shows those women "in excess" don't belong to the "battlefield". Those women are mostly widows and married women.

There are many widows due to the fact that women live longer than men. Probably most of these widows are elderly. Widows exceeded widowers by 240,000 in 2006. The gap is widening, as the general population gets older.

Married women exceeded married men by 34,000 last year. That's probably because many men are now working in the mainland as Hong Kong businesses, mainly manufacturing, have moved across the border.

Out of the 320,000-wide gap between men and women, 270,000 were widows and married women. Taking this number out of the balance, the number of men will rise to 97 for every 100 women -- the gap is much closer. (The gap still contains a lot of divorced and separated women in excess of corresponding men. Of course, divorced and separated women are available for marriage. But if we further narrow our scope to single people only, the balance will close to even. For every 100 single women, there were 99 single men.)

If there are almost as many young men as young women available for marriage, what causes the pain for finding Mr. Right?

Ironically, for men, find a good wife seems to be just as challenging. For every 100 men, there were 34 bachelors. For every 100 women, only 31 were never married. Finding a right spouse is hard for both men and women. And it seems harder today than yesterday, if we look at the raw data only.

In 1996, for every 100 women aged at 40-44, only nine were never married. In 2006, the number went up to 17. For men aged at the same range, that was 10 in 1996, and 18 last year. Is finding a good spouse really harder than before? Many people think so. But i doubt that.

The By-census report shows some interesting insights -- the sizes of households are getting smaller. In 1996, 33 people formed 10 households. Last year, only 30 people made 10 households. Apartment flats are now less crowded.

i believe that people have the choice not to get married. The choice is less likely available in the past.

Pressure from parents' is weakening over decades. i suspect that parents' pressure depend on the living environment. In the past, some twenty years ago, a typical household was crowded, containing six to seven people. Parents' pressure for the siblings to form their own families was strong.

Now, the household is less crowded. The siblings are either few or living separately without getting married. Parents' pressure is weaker. Practically, no matter what causes it, parent's pressure is weaker when parents and children live separately and seldom see each other.

Another pressure is financial. More and more women work. Last year, 480,000 women aged at 25-34 were either working or finding jobs, surpassing 430,000 men. The chances are girlfriends and wives are paying the dining bills. The financial pressure weakened as long as the income is evenly distributed between men and women. If men continue to lose jobs, the pressure to get married will build up again, but then the pressure will shift towards the men's side.

In the past, great pressures were there to urge you marry someone, good or bad. Now the pressure is softer. Finding a good man or woman has never been easy. The good thing today is -- if you can't find anybody good, you will not be forced to hurry and marry someone worse.

Don't worry. Women do not outnumber men. Women are not at a disadvantage. Men have their headache finding good women, too. Men should understand that they are not as rare as they might have thought.
Men and women get older. Median age for Hong Kong men was 41 and women 37. Don't waste time.


Copyright Quam

2007/02/25

"Three years, three years and three years!"

無間道風雲(The Departed)令茶怪印象最深的,是導演拍中槍的情景,同原著版無間道有好大差別。無間道的梁朝偉是這樣中槍的: 「焦」一聲,子彈穿入前額,鑽了一個紅色的小孔,頭部稍為震一下,死了,眼睛凝望遠處,好像在沉思,好像想落淚,表情多無奈。畫面停留在他的死樣半分鐘,有哀傷而且大聲的配樂。在之後的續集,黎明和吳震宇的死狀,都是貫徹一樣。

鬼佬版的是這樣的: 「嘭」一聲,中槍者整個人向後翻,同時一泡血霧在他頭上發散,死了,鏡頭約略交代他滿面鮮血,攤屍地上,沒有close-up死樣,沒有配樂。茶怪想,「吓! 咁就死左。」,陪著觀眾兩個多小時出生入死的狄卡比奧,沒有半個臨別秋波。之後「嘭」「嘭」「嘭」,其他角色,包括麥迪文,死法都是一式一樣。

大導演馬田史高西斯拍無間道,對死亡觀念是隨便的,沒有抵死唔抵死,沒有好人壞人。隨便的程度甚至有點荒唐,好似突然有人入你屋say句hi。鬼佬導演不是想說甚麼是對與錯,忠義與背叛,而是想說在這個「拜金」主意的制度下,每個人都是一隻棋子,為著自己的私利去做事,沒有英雄與奸人之分,所以無須替他的下場可惜或慶祝。


有評論說可能某某是民主派的無間道,在猜他們是忠是奸,茶怪覺得,冇話忠定奸,制度使然。

2007/02/23

預言

周四特首選舉論壇,梁家傑將成大贏家。

三月一日,曾蔭權和梁家傑在辯論台上各就各位,電視台的攝影隊亦準備直播,八百個選舉委員亦排排坐,場外,有一批反對小圈子選舉的民眾聚集,他們要求兩位候選人走出來接受公眾提問。會場內開始直播節目,主持步上台,開場白幾句後,讓候選人各自介紹政綱,然後主持邀請選委提問,就在這刻,老梁突然發難。

老梁宣佈: 「這個會議又不准普羅市民參與,因應市民的要求,我無法待在這裡,我決定走出去,直接跟市民對話,聽取市民對政府的要求。」說罷,全場嘩然,老梁斯斯然地步出會場,主持不知如何是好,老曾一面通紅,爭著說甚麼「尊重制度」等東西,但沒人注意,所有與會者把目光放在老梁的身影,電視台攝影隊即追著老梁,繼續直播,老梁一步出會場,立即引起民眾的歡呼,老梁對群眾說: 「作為特首候選人,有必要公開辯論,和接受廣大市民的質詢,我現在邀請曾蔭權走出來,和我一樣面對群眾,進行正式的辯論。」

在會場內的老曾進退失據。走出去,會得罪選委,而且被對手牽著鼻子走,留下來,又會被對手搶盡風頭。電視台要照顧場內外兩個場景,一定要作取捨,論突發性和新聞價值都是場外的佔優,於是,全港市民即時收看到的是老梁如何與群眾對話為主,老曾答選委問為次。


梁家傑在當晚將幾個月以來的特首選擇推上高潮,贏得超大政治能量。曾蔭權贏得一份好工,輸掉政治家的氣魄。


後記: 與友人閒聊,Brian說如果老梁這樣做只會「攪事」,沒有實際作用,例如爭取中央信任其為老曾以外的特首人選,但Brian認為老梁今次參選的策略左搖右擺,是敗筆。茶怪認為,老梁一開始表明他的參選目的是要顯示「小圈子選擇的荒謬性」,既然有了目標,應該貫徹始終。

2007/02/17

祝您豬年招「菜」進「堡」!


最悲哀的美譽

時常說香港有世界上最自由的市場,奶茶怪想這會否是一個最悲哀的美譽? 我們再沒有進步的空間,倫敦自八十年代開放金融業給外資和將國企私有化,澳門99年回歸後開放賭業,今天兩個地方經濟更上一層樓,中國大陸經濟受惠於自七十年代末的市場開放,是更明顯的例子。回看香港,這一招用不著,因為我們市場已是最自由的了,自由貿易,外資自由投資,幾乎沒有國企,外商要來的,已來了,不來的,再沒有甚麼辦法誘它來。

從以上的邏輯,地產業是最有「前途」的,地產業是封閉的,地產商長期維持豐厚利潤,每次參與土地競投的都是那幾個本地地產商,如果各地產商互相競爭,競價到最後一口,地價理應只有足以補償風險的微利,而不至於地產商長期維持約二至三成的利潤。從表面看,競爭未至於十分激烈,未能達到官地以最高市場價出售的效果。根據搏奕論,即使是一個「互相殘殺」的遊戲,遊戲無止境的重複,參與者就會「點到即止」,這對各方有利。但究竟地產市場制度上有甚麼可以改善之處,去促進競爭? 茶怪沒有答案。

2007/02/13

The Year of Lazy Pig

Pig is lazy. It sleeps and eats all day all over the place. It is sloppy, dirty and ugly -- outright unproductive, except for the value of its flesh. i miss the Year of Dog as it is winding down.

Dog is lovely. It is hardworking, detective, loyal, helpful, friendly, yet entertaining. Dog takes the jobs of security guard, foreman, first-aider, custom officer and hunters, while in most cases, people keep dog as pet and have a lot of fun with it. However, the rotation of Chinese Zodiac calendar fairly allows each of the 12 designated animals to have its own turn.

Chinese follow the tradition to associate the New Year's fortune with the characteristic of the zodiac animal the year belongs to. From Tiger's courage and Horse's energy, to Monkey's cleverness and Roast's high spirit, the distinctive features of most zodiac animals cheer us up. Unfortunately, Pig seems to lack its appeal.

Now, it is this uninteresting animal that is knocking the door. What a Pig Year we are about to see!

Yet, laziness is good for its own sake. At least, it is safe from destruction.

The recent Years of Pig, 1971, 1983 and 1995, shared the same bluntness as the hog. The stock market in 1995 was consolidating after 1994's plunge and would have two years to spare before the 1997 market crash. The Chinese companies making their listing debut in Hong Kong have invited a mania for them in early 1990's until their valuations become too high to sustain themselves. The property sector, the pivot of the Hong Kong economy, also saw its upward trend halt in 1994 when the government tightened its regulations. Therefore, its precedent Dog, 1994, had already taken care of the hopes and distresses before the Pig arrived in 1995. Pig had nothing left to do but healing the wounds.

Let's turn the Zodiac wheel around and get back to 1983. The stock market had already plunged two years earlier in the midst of uncertainty about the sovereign of Hong Kong after 1997. The year of 1983 saw the stock market flat. A year later, the British and Chinese government came to an agreement about the handover, and another wave of bull market emerged.

Further, Pig's visit in 1971 saw the market heating up, but the boom did not kick off until the following year.

In a nutshell, Lazy Pig jumped over the whole decade of 1960's, an era of political unrest. It skipped the worldwide energy crises in mid-1970's. Lazy Pig can't recall how the 1987 markets crashed in the U.S. and Hong Kong. It was absent during the 1997-98 Asian Financial Crises as well. It might be sleeping that Sunday afternoon in July 2003 when half a million of people took the street, demanding democracy.

Lazy Pig hates surprise, positive or negative. Turbulence just can't fit the calm of Lazy Pig. At least, the recent history in Hong Kong confirms the tranquility in Pig Year.

The affection toward stability by Lazy Pig did something good to Hong Kong. In 1983, the dollar peg was established. Before that, the Hong Kong dollar had fluctuated freely and had worryingly depreciated. Although it has drawn criticism in recently year, for its lack of flexibility, the dollar peg has played a crucial role for the stability of the financial system and the confidence of investors ever since.

Besides, some "mysterious forces" surrounding Lazy Pig boosts enterperneurship. Jimmy Lai launched Apply Daily newspaper in 1995 and the media industry would never be the same. i remember that my editor told me to follow Apply Daily as the role model when i joined a well-established newspaper in 1996 -- one year following Apple Daily's birth.

The year that Li Ka-shing founded his property flagship Cheung Kong was Pig -- 1971. That year was proven to be critical for Cheung Kong's development in the 1970's. Cheung Kong floated its shares in the stock exchange just in time to catch the market boom in 1972. The market crashed in 1973. Had it missed the chance, SK Li would have to wait for another boom. Unfortunately, Lee Shaw Kee missed that chance, and he waited for almost ten years before he got his flagship Henderson Land listed.

Those "mysterious forces" also favored the personal career in 1995. Donald Tsang was promoted to become the Financial Secretary, which prepared him for taking the challenges against financial crises three years later -- he did "get the job done", as he would be happy to recall these days.

Although these moves in career and business development seemed to be a natural step forward, as Lazy Pig hates surprises, these moves proved to be important to Hong Kong's media and financial health.

Will 2007 be another peaceful Pig Year? This Zodiac analysis contrasts with the financial point of view that i stated in the previous articles. Will Lazy Pig get burnt and become a delicious barbecued food?


Should Zodiac calendar ever have any impact on the reality, Lazy Pig would place its blessing on the enterperneurship, as it did. That's important because we have long missed that the successful business stories as those of KS Li and Jimmy Lai. Critics say that it has become more and more difficult for Hong Kong people to climb up the social and capital ladder. Has the business environment changed in a way that it no longer favors enterperneurship? i would study this topic and share my views with you later.


Copyright Quam

2007/02/10

球迷之死

國家奧運隊在歐洲比賽時打人,內地同胞和香港人反應大有差異,同胞支持國奧隊,在網上留言說甚麼國仇家恨、對方理虧在先,港人就說國奧隊沒有體育精神、未夠專業之類。奶茶怪不想說誰對誰錯,動武當然是不對,但不算甚麼「中國之恥」那麼嚴重,試問足球員打架在哪那個國家沒有? 世界杯決賽施丹都出鐵頭功。撇除道德判斷,奶茶怪從內地同胞與港人普遍的意見分歧,看到一個事實 --內地同胞是國奧隊的球迷,香港人多不是。

無論捧那隊,球迷本身就是不理性的,所以被稱之「迷」,球迷必然是感性地、偏執自大地支持球隊。

香港的球迷快絕種了。賭波要贏錢,要冷靜客觀地分析各球隊,即使你喜歡曼聯,但如果賠率太低,你亦可能買另一方,搏爆冷。這樣,睇波便是兩回事。與朋友閒聊間,知道他們有睇波的,奶茶怪多會問「你捧那隊?」,幾年前,對方大多清楚地、自豪地回答: 「曼聯」「阿仙奴」。現在,答案多是模稜兩可,多是回到說近期哪隊狀態好,久而久之,「你捧那隊?」說起來已感覺好out。

球會不捧,那國家隊、港隊一定要捧了吧? 「我捧巴西」香港人自小就習慣選擇。很多人不承認自己是中國人,甚至不承認自己是香港人,說「中國咁老套」「港人咁自私」。奶茶怪是中國人,是香港人,是中國人之中的香港人。這不是一個宣言,不是一個道德判斷,不能選擇,而是一個資料。就如「我係男人」「我係女人」一樣。捧港隊,捧國家隊亦別無他選,除非唔睇波。

香港人捧皇馬、巴塞,已經是很奇怪,英國、意大利、西班牙球迷本身就沒有選擇的餘地,你是在英國鍚菲長大的,就是捧鍚菲聯的,不會捧曼聯。當然,如果你是在曼徹斯特長大的,你可選擇曼聯或曼城,但這亦很視乎你的家庭傳統,你爸爸是曼城球迷,自小帶你到曼城球場睇波,很自然地你就是曼城的人。不是你「看好哪隊」或「喜歡哪個球星」就捧哪隊的。事實上,曼城本土球迷人數比曼聯多。

球迷愈來愈少,因為港人習慣選擇。

麪包與麪粉

每次土地拍賣之後,傳媒愛拿賣地成績,宣揚「麪包與麪粉」的關係。例如,某地產商投得地片,其建築面積成本為每尺$5,000,業界人士計入建築成本和利息,推斷地產商須以每尺$6,500售樓,才有利可圖,經過傳媒的報導,大眾便錯誤以為三年後樓宇落成之時,同區樓價將至少是$6,500一尺,誤以為「麪包一定貴過麪粉」,於是同區的現樓業主原本叫價$4,500的,便紛紛提高叫價。奶茶怪認為,「麪包一定貴過麪粉」是錯誤的,原因有二。

賣麪包的「呃稱」。這是建築面積和售樓面積的差異所帶來的,原本規定建一千尺的單位,發展商以不同的量度方式,對買樓人士說單位有一千三百尺。用以上的$5,000「麪粉價」為例,因為「呃稱」,即使「麪包價」是同樣$5,000,發展商是有賺。這樣,$6,500的估計便過份樂觀。

上文提到,這種「呃稱」的技倆,是無法普遍為發展商製造豐厚利潤,「麪包與麪粉」的邏輯,只會利好短期市場氣氛。而且,地產商亦不一定可以以高於成本價的售樓將樓子出售。「麪粉價」$5,000的住宅出售時,「麪包價」可以是$2,000、$4,000、$8,000或$10,000,任何價錢,這視乎當時市場供求而定。如果市場暢旺,發展商以$10,000求售不會「面朦」,亦不應「面朦」。如果市場淡靜,普遍樓子滯銷,發展商以$2,000出售,迫不得以,為求止蝕。


更可惜的,是「麪包與麪粉」的理論不但不適用於樓市,連麪包與麪粉的市場,也不管用。即使麪粉貴了,麪包店亦不可照樣加價售包,視乎顧客的承受能力。「麪包與麪粉」的理論大行其道,奶茶怪認為,可能是其順口易記。但其可靠程度莫過於「絲襪奶茶用絲襪沖成」的類似謠傳。

2007/02/08

仲唔明

今日林行止專欄繼續講本地地產發展商持續賺取豐厚利潤的問題,他歸因於發展商取巧,誇大建築面積達三成,打造「發水樓」。奶茶怪就更不明白。只能在大部份地產商是「誠實」的情況下,小數地產商取巧,那才收效。如果全行都是誇大建築面積,樓價和地價都應該隨著市場競爭自動調節,各發展商識計數,投地時地價搶高一點,去爭取倘餘的利潤,置業者(即使是買樓花的見不到實物)也必有對各樓盤作比較,「發水樓」比「發水樓」,從而調低可接受的樓價,地產商便沒有機會以誇大建築面積去一起賺豐厚利潤。用「取巧」這個原因去解釋全個地產行業的豐厚利潤便令人費解。

例如理髮店收$6護髮素費用,是暴利; 去唱K,果盤加Nuts幾十元,更不合理,但大家都清楚是這樣,在幫襯前已「預埋條數」,需求自然調節,所以理髮店和K場不會因此而賺到豐厚利潤。這樣,又回到上一篇的問題: 在這個自由市場下,地產商是甚麼賺取豐厚利潤?

2007/02/06

地產一問

今日林行止專欄講:「香港地產發展商利潤之豐厚,在地價高漲的香港,是世界其他地區的地產商難望其項背的。」牽起了奶茶怪一直的疑問 -- 既然是那麼好景,香港又是一個自由市場,為什麼世界各地的地產商不爭相參與香港地產事業? 如果有充分競爭,本地地產商的豐厚利潤理應消失,而事實又不是這樣,究竟是甚麼阻止外國競爭者加入?

香港地產開埠以來由英國財團支配,70-80年代,本地財團掘起,奪去主導地位,到今日,行業結構早已歸邊,每次土地競投都是幾個大家熟識的「本地薑」舉手。大體上,香港的地產制度是自由的,土地拍賣,是公開競投、價高者得的,建築工程可以外判給承建商,而售樓渠道亦十分暢通,地產代理競爭激烈。如果說「地頭蟲」有無可替代的優勢,那優勢是甚麼呢? 反觀香港地產商在外地,如英國、中國上海,都很吃得開。看來香港地產業比外地和內地的更封閉,為什麼呢?

到底買哪一本好呢?


生肖運呈書琳瑯滿目,到底買哪一本好呢? 每本書的封面都是差不多,算命師傅憑甚麼東西去突出自己? 你會點揀?

2007/02/02

政治show

「政治」很多人很厭惡,「某某具政治野心」說得很負面,「攪政治」好像是「靠滾」,「政治show」是做猴子戲。奶茶怪又不是這樣看。政治是好的,政治野心值得鼓勵,攪政治是一門正當職業,政治show有必要做。政治是每個地方都需要,從政者可能是老謀深算、陰險姣詐、花言巧語、不擇手段,但一個好的政治制度,就是讓充滿私心的人去爭取上位,搏同情搏連任,而在過程中造福人民、貢獻社會。聽來好像自相矛盾,但其實類似的東西我們已經習以為常,那東西就是市場經濟。

以奶茶怪常到的茶餐廳為例,茶餐廳老闆不一定是個好人,他唯利是圖,攪茶餐廳不是為了服務人群,他對著顧客笑呵呵、轉面就罵伙計,他推出各種的優惠套餐,其實還賺更多,他也做宣傳,找些報紙記者寫介紹,一有明星光顧就與他們合照,然後將照片貼在牆壁上。雖然如此,我們都不會責怪他,「搵食嘛!」,我們作為顧客的,只要每朝早上班前,有快靚平的早餐,就不錯了。

這個「搵錢至上」的觀念,今日被視為真理,其實在人類歷史上是新事物。 四十年前的中國,茶餐廳老闆肯定被視為社會共敵,在中國古代商人被視為次等。即使是資本主義西方,以往也是一樣。 十七世紀有位波士頓商人,在貨幣交易上賺取了六便士,被法院裁定他 謀取暴利,罰款二百英鎊。事後,波士頓牧師還在佈道會上說,低買高賣是不應該的,唯利是圖是貪慾罰。奶茶怪想,搏殺搵銀的茶餐廳老闆如果生不逢時,較今日香港的政客,更受誤解。